Practical Implementation of Federated Learning for Detecting Backdoor Attacks in a Next-word Prediction Model by Jimmy K. W. Wong, Ki Ki Chung, Yuen Wing Lo, Chun Yin Lai, Steve W. Y. Mung

“…Federated learning enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared model while retaining data locally. However, this decentralized approach is susceptible to manipulation by malicious actors who control a subset of participating devices, thereby biasing the model’s outputs on specific topics, such as a presidential election. …”
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Real world federated learning with a knowledge distilled transformer for cardiac CT imaging by Malte Tölle, Philipp Garthe, Clemens Scherer, Jan Moritz Seliger, Andreas Leha, Nina Krüger, Stefan Simm, Simon Martin, Sebastian Eble, Halvar Kelm, Moritz Bednorz, Florian André, Peter Bannas, Gerhard Diller, Norbert Frey, Stefan Groß, Anja Hennemuth, Lars Kaderali, Alexander Meyer, Eike Nagel, Stefan Orwat, Moritz Seiffert, Tim Friede, Tim Seidler, Sandy Engelhardt

“…Abstract Federated learning is a renowned technique for utilizing decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, real-world applications often face challenges like partially labeled datasets, where only a few locations have certain expert annotations, leaving large portions of unlabeled data unused. …”
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Evaluating the Benefit of Home Support Provider Services for Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Protocol for an Ambispective International R... by Sarah Alami, Manuella Schaller, Sylvie Blais, Henry Taupin, Marta Hernández González, Frédéric Gagnadoux, Paula Pinto, Irene Cano-Pumarega, Lieven Bedert, Ben Braithwaite, Hervé Servy, Stéphane Ouary, Céline Fabre, Fabienne Bazin, Joëlle Texereau

“…Given the large number of eligible participants (around 150,000), the study will use a decentralized and digital approach. A patient video will present the study objectives and the participation process. …”
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A Scalable Blockchain Framework for ELA Assessment by Chunxia Tian

“…Blockchain technology is decentralized, tamper-proof, traceable, trackable, open and transparent, which is conducive to the realization of individual student-centered teaching and learning, as well as an open, and transparent teaching process, which can motivate the learning motivation of English majors and improve the effectiveness of the student management and training models. …”
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An access control scheme for IoT based on smart contracts and CP-ABE by SUN Changxia, ZHANG Chuanhu, LIU Bingjie, YANG Yingjie, BAÇÃO Fernando, LIU Qian

“…Furthermore, contracts were designed to be deployed on the blockchain for decentralized permission evaluation of token requests, maintaining the allowed operations for subjects on specific resource objects, realizing more fine-grained attribute-based access control. …”
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Optimal Decision and Coordination of Fresh E-Commerce Supply Chain Considering Double Loss by Shizhen Bai, Yang Lv, Zejun Liu

“…If fresh-keeping cost is high, as freshness sensitivity increases, the retailer first reduces prices and then raises prices. (ii) Under the decentralized model, as the basic quantity loss rate and freshness sensitivity increase, product price will increase. …”
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Tariffs, transportation, and profits in cross-border e-commerce: A dual-channel supply chain decision-making strategy. by Yihang Guo, Xianle Wang, Zhongwei Yang, Kaimin Chen, Wei Weng

“…Based on the perspective of cross-border e-commerce dual-channel supply chain, this paper considers the impact of import tariff, transport heterogeneity and export tax rebate, compares and analyzes the performance difference between decentralized decision-making and centralized decision-making, and analyzes the impact of import tariff, export tax rebate and transport heterogeneity on cross-border e-commerce dual-channel pricing, demand and profit. …”
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The Organizational Structure and Operational Logic of an Urban Smart Governance Information Platform: Discussion on the Background of Urban Governance Transformation in China by Junfang Kang, Xianjun Wang

“…To do so, urban governance practices including holistic governance, decentralized and interconnected governance, multiple participatory governance, and smart governance have been developed in China. …”
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« Ascénir » le space opera : de Joël Maillard à Bruno Latour by Danielle Chaperon

“…Written by Julie Sermon(2018), which is part of an eco-theatrical movement that aims to decentralize human beings, Quitter la Terre (2017) does not propose to "eliminate them from the stage, to confront them with non-humans, or to place them back within a spatio-temporal scale that exceeds them and relativizes their place" (Lehmann,2002). …”
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Lorsque l’entrée dans le monde scolaire se heurte aux modèles d’enfant et de parent attendus by Xavier Conus

“…Based on these observations, we discuss how we feel that inclusion requires in the first place a necessary process of decentring from the school and teachers, as a condition for recognition of the actual child and parent.…”
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Pricing and Production Decisions for New and Remanufactured Products by Feng Wei, Yan Zhu, Ting Ma, Qiaoyan Huang, Zengshan Zhen, Jinhui Chen

“…New products are sold through an online platform (retailer R1), while remanufactured products are sold in offline physical stores (retailer R2) in a decentralized scenario. (2) In Model C, the manufacturer provides new and remanufactured units to only one retailer (retailer R) that operates both online and offline channels in a centralized scenario. …”
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Socio-psychological features of the process of transformation of the social structure of society and the process of communication in the digital space by S. Grishaeva, O. Kulikova

“…In terms of income we are talking about such a concept as “cryptocurrency” (digital decentralized money); in terms of power the information society and the possibility of using false information to influence certain social processes, which makes the presence of formal power is not so effective, - are considered; in the part of the profession the huge mass of knowledge that is contained in the Internet and that the modern education system is not able to provide tools for navigation in this mass of knowledge, - are discussed. …”
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Shared governance increases marine protected area effectiveness. by Andrea Mast, David Gill, Gabby N Ahmadia, Emily S Darling, Dominic A Andradi-Brown, Jonas Geldman, Graham Epstein, M Aaron MacNeil

“…With targets to protect 30% of our oceans driving new commitments to expand MPA coverage globally, our results suggest that multi-stakeholder participation and collaboration facilitated by shared and decentralized governance arrangements can play an important role in achieving conservation outcomes.…”
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Centralized Management For Effective Public Diplomacy: Case of Hasabara by V. V. Kabernik

“…This evolution demonstrates the shift from decentralized management and coordination paradigm towards structured complex of measures led by government bodies. …”
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A Closed-Loop Supply Chain Problem with Retailing and Recycling Competition by Chuanchao Xu, Bo Li, Yanfei Lan, Yi Tang

“…In order to analyze the impact of retailing and recycling competitions on the profits of the manufacturer and the competitive retailers, two collection models (coordinated collection (Model C) and decentralized collection (Model D)) are established, respectively. …”
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Trust evaluation model for distributed home photovoltaic collection scenarios in new power system by Li LI, Xiaolong WANG, Zhixin ZHANG, Rongliang SHI, Xu GUO

“…Aiming at the problem that the existing sensor network trust evaluation model could not be directly applied to the new power system distributed home photovoltaic collection scenario, which was difficult to meet the require-ments of strong computing power and high defense power of the new power system, a distributed dynamic trust evaluation model based on multi-index detection was proposed.Firstly, the communication trust evaluation based on Bayes was carried out according to the historical interaction of terminal acquisition nodes.Then, the currently col-lected data was evaluated by perceptual trust based on its historical data support degree and regional trust based on probability density.Finally, the entropy weight method was used to decentralize each trust module’s values dynamically.The node activeness and double reward and punishment mechanism were introduced to calculate the comprehensive trust value and realize the dynamic update.The experimental results show that the four levels of the trust evaluation model are suitable for the new power system environment and can be used to detect the distributed in 20 round period of household photovoltaic power generation collection given the signal in the scene, achieve dynamic and accurate trust evaluation of abnormal nodes in the case of physical environment factors, equipment quality factors, human misoperation and malicious intrusion.…”
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Advanced control strategies for microgrids: A review of droop control and virtual impedance techniques by K.N. Yogithanjali Saimadhuri, M. Janaki

“…Specifically, the interplay between control methodologies namely centralized, decentralized, and distributed across AC, DC, and hybrid microgrids has not been thoroughly explored. …”
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Interdomain routing instability traceable detection method based on route state causal chain by Di CHEN, Han QIU, Wanli ZHANG, Huihu ZHU, Junhu ZHU, Qingxian WANG

“…To solve the problem of detection time limitation caused by route update delay and the possible tampering of traceability information in existing route instability traceable detection methods， an interdomain routing instability traceable detection method based on route state causal chain was proposed.By analyzing the causal relationship of route states， the route state update token that can describe the route state change and transfer process was defined.Route state update tokens were published and stored in the blockchain during the route update propagation to construct the decentralized and tamper-resistant route state causal chain.By analyzing the route state causal chain， the type of route instability was judged， and the failed links or policy-conflict AS sequences were located to achieve route instability traceable detection.The capability of proposed method to trace the failure link and the policy-conflict AS sequence which could lead to convergence delay and persistent route oscillation respectively was proven theoretically， and validating experiment based on software routers in typical topology was carried out.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can timely detect route instability caused by the dynamic changes of both policy and topology， and determine type and root cause of route instability without modifying BGP.…”
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Investment Decision-Making and Coordination of Supply Chain: A New Research in the Big Data Era by Pan Liu, Shu-ping Yi

“…Findings: (1) The first finding is whether an enterprise was suitable for gaining Big Data to improve its costs, which was determined by the cost improvement coefficient; namely, it was related to the ability of excavating and using the value of Big Data. (2) Whether the supply chain was the decentralized decision-making and the centralized decision-making, the thresholds of acquisition costs on Big Data information were equal. …”
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Budgetary deficits and macro budgetary components- examining ‘Law of Contiguity’ through spatial analysis of Indian states by Avik Ghosh

“…With India being the largest democracy in the world and having a decentralized state budget mechanism in place, focused attention is required to measure the contiguity effect in state finance. …”
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