Evaluating the dynamics of fee-free higher education in South Africa: a causal loop diagram approach  [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved] by Grace Kanakana-Katumba, Tlotlo Ramasu

“…Also, administrative inefficiencies within the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) result in delays and inconsistencies, reducing policy inclusivity, and decentralized implementation across institutions perpetuates disparities in quality and access. …”
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Flapless and Conjunctiva-Sparing Technique for Transscleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens to Correct Refractive Errors in Eyes without Adequate Capsular Support by Wei Lou, Ziang Chen, Yang Huang, Haiying Jin

“…The mean tilt angle and decentration were 2.90° ± 1.93° (range: 0.39° to 9.10°) and 0.23 ± 0.19 mm (range: 0.02 to 0.94 mm) vertically, and 1.75° ± 1.41° (range: 0.24° to 7.65°) and 0.18 ± 0.19 mm (range: 0.02 to 1.06 mm) horizontally, which were clinically insignificant. …”
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Unlocking the potential of micro-hydropower in water distribution networks: a comprehensive systematic review for Malaysia’s sustainable energy future by Muhammad Fazrulilahi Abdul Rahman, Norashikin Ahmad Kamal, Jazuri Abdullah, Emanuele Quaranta, Sangmin Shin

“…MHP systems are feasible for decentralized and sustainable energy production; nevertheless, problems including infrastructure constraints, substantial initial costs, and the requirement for technical proficiency persist. …”
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A Metaheuristic Approach to Detecting and Mitigating DDoS Attacks in Blockchain-Integrated Deep Learning Models for IoT Applications by Manal Alkhammash

“…To obtain this, the MHADMA-BCIDL method utilizes BC technologies to facilitate secured communication in networks of IoT, reinforcing security through decentralized and immutable data storage. For the feature selection process, the arctic tern optimization (ATO) technique is employed to decrease the data dimensionality while conserving the most relevant attributes. …”
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Scalable and Privacy-Preserving Inter-AS Routing Through Machine-Learning-Based Graph Pruning by Davide Andreoletti, Cristina Rottondi, Silvia Giordano, Andrea Bianco

“…The decentralized nature of traditional inter-domain routing protocols may lead to several issues, including convergence issues and proneness to misconfiguration. …”
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The effects of unified pooling arrangement on health inequity in China: a DID-RIF approach by Jing Wu, Yuqing Liu, Chuncheng Wang, Lianjie Liu, Jiaqian Lu

“…Abstract Background To address the health inequity caused by decentralized management, China has introduced a provincial pooling system for urban employees’ basic medical insurance. …”
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Cross-Chain Identity Authentication Method Based on Relay Chain by Qipeng Huang, Minsheng Tan, Wenlong Tian

“…In this method, the decentralized nature of relay chains ensures that the cross-chain authentication process is not subject to subjective manipulation, guaranteeing the authenticity and reliability of the data. …”
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A Comparison of Penguin Swarm Optimization Algorithms for Enhancing Network Throughput by Talha Akhtar, Najmi Ghani Haider, Nadeem Kafi Khan, Rashid Uddin

“…Conventional data centers have been used to process and store data, however, the emergence of edge computing technologies has made alternative data management, a decentralized approach to shifting data from highly over-loaded virtual machines to lighter-loaded nodes, where the queue task is increased from a certain threshold. …”
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Intelligent deep federated learning model for enhancing security in internet of things enabled edge computing environment by Nasser Nammas Albogami

“…Due to the rising distribution of information in many systems of linked devices, decentralized ML solutions have been required. Federated learning (FL) was proposed as an optimal solution to discover these privacy issues. …”
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A literature review on transformative impacts of blockchain technology on manufacturing management and industrial engineering practices by Dharmendra Hariyani, Poonam Hariyani, Sanjeev Mishra, Milind Kumar Sharma

“…As business performance increasingly depends on decentralized, tamper-proof records to manage transactions and data flows, adopting blockchain technology (BCT) is becoming crucial for remaining competitive in the digital and globalized economy. …”
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Blockchain-Enabled VANET for Smart Solid Waste Management by Muhammad Saad, Maaz Bin Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Khalid Khan, Toqeer Mahmood, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood

“…The step-by-step methods are proposed for the decentralized solution for solid waste management using blockchain-enabled VANET. …”
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Towards Reliable Participation in UAV-Enabled Federated Edge Learning on Non-IID Data by Youssra Cheriguene, Wael Jaafar, Halim Yanikomeroglu, Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache

“…Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning (ML) technique that allows a number of participants to train an ML model collaboratively without having to share their private local datasets with others. …”
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From Technical Prerequisites to Improved Care: Distributed Edge AI for Tomographic Imaging by Bilgehan Akdemir, Hafiz Faheem Shahid, Mikael A. K. Brix, Juho Laakkola, Johirul Islam, Tanesh Kumar, Jarmo Reponen, Miika T. Nieminen, Erkki Harjula

“…The proposed 3-TECC architecture advocates a decentralized data processing paradigm, reducing reliance on the centralized approach and emphasizing the role of local-edge computing.…”
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Mapping the global landscape of chikungunya rapid diagnostic tests: A scoping review. by José Moreira, Patrícia Brasil, Sabine Dittrich, André M Siqueira

“…Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are available and promise to decentralize testing and increase availability at lower healthcare system levels.…”
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Promoting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance through Community Engagement: An Ethnographic Study in Ghana by Matilda Aberese-Ako, Wisdom Ebelin, Phidelia Theresa Doegah, Mawulom Kuatewo, Lebene Kpodo, Atsu Godsway Kpordorlor, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Atubiga Alobit Baba, Senanu Djokoto, Evelyn K. Ansah

“…The Ghana Health Service carried out the most extensive engagement because they had more decentralized institutions. Successful engagement activities resulted in vaccine acceptance among some community members. …”
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Securing fog computing in healthcare with a zero-trust approach and blockchain by Navjeet Kaur, Ayush Mittal, Umesh Kumar Lilhore, Sarita Simaiya, Surjeet Dalal, Kashif Saleem, Ehab Seif Ghith

“…Abstract As healthcare systems increasingly adopt fog computing to improve responsiveness and real-time data processing at the edge, significant security challenges emerge due to the decentralized architecture. The traditional perimeter-based security models are inadequate for addressing the dynamic and distributed nature of fog networks, leaving them vulnerable to unauthorized access, data tampering, and latency issues. …”
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The impact of export market orientation on SME market performance: Exploring the moderating effect of government policy and the mediating effect of information access by Sunday Noya, Stefanus Yufra M. Taneo, Melany

“…AcknowledgmentWe thank the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia for funding this investigation through a decentralized grant for the Higher Education Fundamental Research scheme for the 2024 fiscal year.…”
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Development of multi-agent information security management system by I. P. Khavina, Yu. V. Hnusov, O. O. Mozhaiev

“…The essence of of multi-agent systems functioning that implement a decentralized control system based on the work of autonomous agents that can be implemented programmatically has been revealed. …”
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Blockchain-Driven Optimized Chaotic Encryption Scheme for Medical Image Transmission in IoT-Edge Environment by Goli Archana, Rajeev Goyal, K. M. V. Madan Kumar

“…However, these edge-based IoT are also vulnerable to many threats due to their decentralized and in secured management. Block chain (BC) technology offers a most trusted solution to resolve the security issues in the IoT-Edge computing environment. …”
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Outcomes and Complications of Sutured Scleral-Fixated Foldable Intraocular Lens Implantation: A Retrospective Study of 5-Year Follow-Up by Ting Yu, Mengting Yu, Wenjie Wu, Xinna Wu, Suzhen Xiao, Jialiang Mao, Yanling Wang

“…No visually threatening IOL tilt or decentration was reported in any patient. Conclusion. …”
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