Histopathology of Infectious Colitis by Christina M. Surawicz

“…Granulomas usually indicate Crohn's disease but can he seen with infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. …”
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In vitro Superoxide Production by Peripheral Neutrophils from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by O. H. Nielsen, D. Berild, I. Ahnfelt-Rønne

“…Significantly reduced superoxide production was found in PMNs from patients with Crohn's disease as compared to normal controls, when fMLP or CSa were used as stimulants (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively), whereas no differences were found when ulcerative colitis patients were compared to normal controls (p>0.05). …”
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Acute Pancreatitis: An Unusual Side Effect of Adalimumab in Crohn’s Disease Patient by Walid El Ouardi, Mustapha Benazzouz

“…Case presentation: Our case report presents a case of a 23-year-old patient followed for Crohn disease in whom a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis induced by adalimumab was made. …”
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Castleman's Disease and Neutropenic Enterocolitis Presenting as Crohn’s Disease by Kelly W Burak, Ronald J Bridges, Walter B Blahey

“…A rare case of Castleman's disease presenting as Crohn's disease is described. This 21-year-old male with chronic neutropenia for one year presented with recurrent right lower quadrant pain of two years' duration. …”
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Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Inflammation by Simon Jäger, Eduard F. Stange, Jan Wehkamp

“…Especially in the intestines, a critical balance between luminal bacteria and the antimicrobial peptides is essential, and a breakdown in barrier function by impaired production of defensins is already implicated in Crohn's disease. In this paper, we focus on the role of antimicrobial peptides in inflammatory processes along the gastrointestinal tract, while considering the resident and pathogenic flora encountered at the specific sites. …”
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Natural Killer Cell and Large Granular Lymphocyte Deficiency in the Gut of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by F Hadziselimovic, LR Emmons, U Schaub

“…The authors also present a new therapeutic strategy consisting of low dose interferon-alpha-2a that is efficacious in ameliorating ulcerative col iris and Crohn's disease and concomitantly increasing the number of natural killer cells and LGL in the gut.…”
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Peyer's Patches: The Immune Sensors of the Intestine by Camille Jung, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Frédérick Barreau

“…Two human disorders, Crohn's disease and graft-versus-host disease are thought to be driven by an abnormal response toward the commensal flora. …”
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Long-Term Natural History and Complications of Collagenous Colitis by Hugh J Freeman

“…Colonic ulceration has been associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while other forms of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, may evolve directly from collagenous colitis. …”
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Adalimumab (TNFα Inhibitor) Therapy Exacerbates IgA Glomerulonephritis Acute Renal Injury and Induces Lupus Autoantibodies in a Psoriasis Patient by S. S. Wei, R. Sinniah

“…Adalimumab (Humira) is a tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Sullivan and Preda (2009), Klinkhoff (2004), and Medicare Australia). …”
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Worries and Concerns among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Followed Prospectively over One Year by Lars-Petter Jelsness-Jørgensen, Bjørn Moum, Tomm Bernklev

“…A total of 140 patients were included (V1), ulcerative colitis (UC) n = 92, Crohn's disease (CD) n = 48, mean age 46.9 and 40.0-year old, respectively. …”
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The Use of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Disease by Karen L Madsen

“…A probiotic preparation (VSL#3 - 6 g/day) that uses a combination of three species of Bifidobacterium, four strains of Lactobacillus and one strain of Streptocccus has shown promise in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis and pouchitis, as well as in preventing the postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. The mechanism of action of probiotics may include receptor competition, effects on mucin secretion or probiotic immunomodulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. …”
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Noninvasive markers of inflammatory bowel disease activity by A. V. Nikitin, L. V. Vasilyeva, Anatoly A. Matiukhin

“…To study noninvasive activity markers of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to estimate correlation between various diagnostic methods for an assessment of clinical and endoscopical activity of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Material and methods. Original study included 67 patients with UC and CD in whom clinical and endoscopic activity of the disease with assessed by histological investigation of biopsy specimens. …”
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The Pivotal Role of TBK1 in Inflammatory Responses Mediated by Macrophages by Tao Yu, Young-Su Yi, Yanyan Yang, Jueun Oh, Deok Jeong, Jae Youl Cho

“…Inflammation is considered to be a major cause of most chronic diseases, especially in more than 100 types of inflammatory diseases which include Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, Crohn's disease, colitis, dermatitis, hepatitis, and Parkinson's disease. …”
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Dietary Ganglioside Reduces Proinflammatory Signaling in the Intestine by John Janez Miklavcic, Kareena Leanne Schnabl, Vera Christine Mazurak, Alan Bryan Robert Thomson, Michael Thomas Clandinin

“…Restoring proper structure and function to the diseased intestine can resolve inflammation, increase resistance to infection, and improve gut integrity to induce remission of conditions like necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Maintaining inactive state of disease may be achieved by reducing the rate that gangliosides are degraded or by increasing intake of dietary ganglioside. …”
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Vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel diseasesI by Igor L. Khalif, M. V. Shapina

“…Similar efficacy was demonstrated for Crohn's disease (GEMINI-2) study in remission induction (clinical response rate - 31,4% of patients, clinical remission - 14,5%) and remission maintenance (percentage of patient in clinical remission by 52nd week at injection of the drug every 4 weeks - 39%). …”
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Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases by Ye. A. Konovich, I. L. Khalif, M. V. Shapina

“…Innate immunity changes revealed in last years, related to mutations of genes of bacterial structures receptors (NOD2, toll-like receptors, autophagy), cause disorder of endocellular signal processes and pathological activation of cells of adaptive immunodefense of intestinal mucosa and conforming profile of cytokines with development of chronic inflammation which will be mediated: at Crohn's disease – by Th1-and Th17-cells, cytokines IL-12, interferon-γ etc., at ulcerative colitis – by Th2-and NKT-cells, cytokines IL-4 and IL-3 in combination to incompetence of suppressor function of regulatory Т-cells and their cytokines TGF-β (transforming growth factor) and IL-10.Conclusion. …”
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Indications and Contraindications to Reconstructive Surgery in Ulcerative Colitis by David Johnston

“…Precise diagnosis is vital to exclude Crohn's disease and infective colitis, although patients with `indeterminate' colitis often do well after reconstructive surgery. …”
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Preventive Effect of TU-100 on a Type-2 Model of Colitis in Mice: Possible Involvement of Enhancing Adrenomedullin in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Atsushi Kaneko, Toru Kono, Naoko Miura, Naoko Tsuchiya, Masahiro Yamamoto

“…Purpose. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have histopathologically and immunologically different characteristics. …”
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Immunosuppressants in modern approaches to treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases by O. B. Schukina, A. G. Kharitonov, A. M. Kharitidis, T. E. Ivashchenko, Yu. A. Nasykhova, T. V. Gabrusskaya, A. Yu. Baranovsky

“…Only in one patient (4,7%) with Crohn's disease and leukopenia (3,85·109/l) and thrombocytopenia (80·109/l), developed in the remote terms (61 wks) after onset of azathioprin intake, TPMT*3A polymorphism has been revealed, as point mutations 460 G&gt; A and 719A&gt;G. …”
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Cholestatic Hepatocellular Injury with Azathioprine: A Case Report and Review of the Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity by Joseph Romagnuolo, DC Sadowski, E Lalor, L Jewell, ABR Thomson

“…A 63-year-old man with Crohn's disease who is presented developed the rare idiosyncratic form of azathioprine hepatotoxicity, but also had a severe disabling steroid myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, resultant deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism related to immobility, and a nosocomial pneumonia. …”
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