Smoking and nicotine in inflammatory bowel disease: good or bad for cytokines? by F. J. Zijlstra

“…Smoking has either a beneficial or harmful effect on the course and recurrence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease respectively. Transdermal application of nicotine had similar effects in ulcerative colitis and therefore was considered to be an effective basic drug which could be further developed in the search for new compounds in the treatment of acute exacerbations of corticosteroid resistant ulcerative colitis. …”
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Trends in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy: A Meta-Analytic Approach by Gregory W Whiting, Joseph Lau, Bruce Kupelnick, Thomas C Chalmers

“…OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the current meta-analytic approach to extracting clinically useful information from the glut of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the treatment of acute attacks of Crohn's disease.…”
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Ketotifen Treatment of Active Colitis in Patients with 5-Aminosalicylate Intolerance by John K Marshall, E Jan Irvine

“…The authors' experience with ketotifen in three patients - one each with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and collagenous colitis - who had demonstrated allergy to, or intolerance of, 5-aminosalicylic acid is reported.…”
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Prevalence and predictors of severe Crohn’s disease at a tertiary hospital in South Africa by C Gounden, V Naidoo, Y Moodley

“… Background Predicting severe Crohn's disease (SCD) can assist in planning risk reduction therapy for SCD, thereby improving disease outcomes. …”
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Relationship Between Patient Demographics and Biologic Therapy Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. A Single Center Cross‐Sectional Study by Mohammad Shehab, Abdulwahab Alsayegh, Munirah Alabdulhadi, Shahed Snober, Nouf Aleissa, Ahmad Alfadhli

“…In contrast, patients on UST were less likely to be over 30 (p = 0.011) and more likely to have Crohn's disease (CD) (p < 0.001). In addition, patients on ADL were more likely to have Crohn's disease (p = 0.003), as were patients on IFX (p < 0.001). …”
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Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease by P. L. Beck, J. L. Wallace

“…Several cytokine ‘knockout’ models in mice have been shown to develop colitis, while alterations in the production of various cytokines has been documented in human Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In recent years, attempts have been made to treat these diseases through modulation of cytokine production or action. …”
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A Survey of Canadian Gastroenterologists about the Use of Methotrexate in Patients with Crohn’s Disease by Nilesh Chande, Terry Ponich, James Gregor

“…BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) is effective in remission induction and maintenance in steroid-dependent Crohn's disease (CD), but is often considered to be a second-line immunosuppressive agent, to be used in cases of failure or intolerance to azathioprine (AZA) or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). …”
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Familial Occurrence of Lymphocytic Colitis by Hugh J Freeman

“…These characteristics of a familial disease have been previously reported and labelled 'genetic anticipation' in some monogenetic forms of neurological disease, as well as in other types of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease. Alternatively, a common cohort effect related to a pathological environmental factor may have played a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.…”
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Say Goodbye and Say Hello: The Transition from Pediatric to Adult Gastroenterology by Jorge L Pinzon, Kevan Jacobson, John Reiss

“…The adolescent years are a time of change and development, and may be significantly affected by conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Health care providers need to advocate and provide comprehensive, developmentally appropriate care for youth and families to facilitate the transition from the pediatric to the adult setting. …”
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Acquired Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of Vulva in a Patient With Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Rare Case at a Rare Site by Ranju Pokharel, Suchana Marahatta

“…Post‐surgery and radiotherapy, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease are well known cause to develop acquired vulval lymphangioma. …”
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Cytoplasmic-Staining Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody and Extensive Colitis by Hugh James Freeman

“…Almost half were Indo-Canadians, and atypical perinuclear-staining antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was also detected in five (28%), similar to the detection rate for Crohn's disease and other less commonly detected forms of colitis, such as lymphocytic or collagenous colitis. …”
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Glutamine Supplementation in Sick Children: Is It Beneficial? by Elise Mok, Régis Hankard

“…This includes premature infants, infants with gastrointestinal disease, children with Crohn's disease, short bowel syndrome, malnutrition/diarrhea, cancer, severe burns/trauma, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and type 1 diabetes. …”
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Autophagy in Inflammatory Diseases by Alexander J. S. Choi, Stefan W. Ryter

“…Mutations in autophagy-related genes, leading to loss of autophagic function, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Furthermore, autophagy-dependent mechanisms have been proposed in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases that involve inflammation, including cystic fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. …”
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Interleukin-23 and Th17 Cells in the Control of Gut Inflammation by Ivan Monteleone, Francesco Pallone, Giovanni Monteleone

“…Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans, have been traditionally associated with exaggerated and poorly controlled T helper (Th) type 1 or Th2 cell response, respectively. …”
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Colorectal Polyposis and Immune-Based Therapies by Pearl Jacobson-Brown, Manuela G Neuman

“…Furthermore, advances in antitumour necrosis factor antibodies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease may have potential as chemoprotective agents for the treatment of colon polyposis. …”
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Evidence for a Potential Role of Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Anouk Waeytens, Martine De Vos, Debby Laukens

“…Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated disorders of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. …”
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Studies on the Interleukin-10 Gene in Animal Models of Colitis by Hugh J Freeman

“…In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, impaired IL-10 production by lamina propria T cells occurs and human recombinant IL-10 improves clinical parameters in inflammatory bowel disease (eg, Crohn's disease). There seem to be conflicting results in differing animal models, and the timing of administration of IL-10 relative to onset of colitis may be critical, possibly due to rapid clearance of IL-10. …”
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Severe Varicella Pneumonia. A Pediatric Case Presentation by Ariel Efrén Uriarte Méndez, Jesús Vila Díaz, Andrés Prieto Apesteguía

“…The case of a 12 years child old child, white skin, obese, from urban procedence and with a history of Crohn's disease who was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at the "Paquito González Cueto” Pediatric University Hospital because of bloody diarrhea and severe dehydration is presented. …”
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Smoking and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System: An Epidemiological Review with Special Reference to Sex Differences by Mary Jane Ashley

“…There is growing evidence that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD) in both women and men. …”
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Diagnostic Possibilities of Determining the Level of Faecal Calprotectin in Clinical Practice by A. A. Sheptulin, S. S. Kardasheva, A. A. Kurbatova

“…The determining of FCP helps in the primary diagnosis of IBD (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, microscopic colitis), contributing to their differentiation from functional bowel disorders, as well as in assessing the course of diverticular intestinal disease and celiac disease. …”
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