Current molecular understanding of central nervous system schwannomas by Takahiro Tsuchiya, Satoru Miyawaki, Yu Teranishi, Kenta Ohara, Yudai Hirano, Shotaro Ogawa, Seiei Torazawa, Yu Sakai, Hiroki Hongo, Hideaki Ono, Nobuhito Saito

“…This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current molecular understanding of CNS schwannomas, emphasizing the insights gained from previous research, while addressing existing controversies and outlining future research and treatment perspectives.…”
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Cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17F, and IL-4 Differentially Affect Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Stem Cells by Angela P. Bastidas-Coral, Astrid D. Bakker, Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi, Cornelis J. Kleverlaan, Nathalie Bravenboer, Tim Forouzanfar, Jenneke Klein-Nulend

“…The effect of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is controversial. Here, we investigated the effect of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17F and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). hASCs were treated with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17F, or IL-4 (10 ng/mL) for 72 h mimicking bone repair. …”
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Emerging challenges in aquaculture: Current perspectives and human health implications by M. Oghenebrorhie Ruben, A. Bolanle Akinsanola, M. Ekemini Okon, Teslim Shitu, I. Iretomiwa Jagunna

“…Despite the promise of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in enhancing fish production, their integration into aquaculture remains controversial due to potential risks and unresolved ethical questions. …”
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes for Type 1 Diabetes after Bariatric Surgery by Alexandra Chow, Noah J. Switzer, Jerry Dang, Xinzhe Shi, Christopher de Gara, Daniel W. Birch, Richdeep S. Gill, Shahzeer Karmali

“…The utility of bariatric surgery in type 1 diabetes remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to evaluate glycemic control outcomes in obese patients with type 1 diabetes after bariatric surgery. …”
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Low-Dose Mitomycin C Decreases the Postoperative Recurrence Rate of Pterygium by Perturbing NLRP3 Inflammatory Signalling Pathway and Suppressing the Expression of Inflammatory Fac... by Qie Guo, Xiao Li, Meng-Na Cui, Yu Liang, Xiang-Peng Li, Jun Zhao, Li-Na Wei, Xiao-Lei Zhang, Xiang Hua Quan

“…In recent years, although MMC has proven useful for the treatment of pterygium, its application has been controversial because of its clear toxicity and the possibility of ocular complications. …”
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Comparison of effectiveness in smoking cessation using nicotine replacement therapy and electronic cigarettes by Adrianna Kopaczyńska, Katarzyna Szafrańska, Szymon Niemirka, Aleksandra Janiak, Kinga Dominiczak, Łukasz Grądalski, Filip Dębicki

“…The impact of electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation also remains controversial, taking into consideration how little today's medicine does know about the long-term side effects of using e-cigarettes. …”
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Early versus late surgical stabilisation of unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures in adult polytrauma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Sebastian Ndlovu, Stanley Masunda, Emmanuel Oladeji, Ahmed Lashin, Ahmed Kaddah, Khalid A. Shah

“…Controversy remains with regards to the timing of surgical stabilisation of unstable thoracolumbar fractures in adult polytrauma patients. …”
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Individualized treatment recommendations for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma utilizing deep learning by Linmei Zhang, Enzhao Zhu, Jiaying Shi, Xiao Wu, Shaokang Cao, Sining Huang, Zisheng Ai, Jiansheng Su

“…BackgroundThe conventional treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) is surgery; however, the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains controversial.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the ability of deep learning (DL) models to identify patients with LA-HNSCC who can achieve organ preservation through definitive CRT and provide individualized adjuvant treatment recommendations for patients who are better suited for surgery.MethodsFive models were developed for treatment recommendations. …”
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Removal of Forearm Plate Leads to a Higher Risk of Refracture—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis by Renwei Cao, Jianyu Zhang, Weitong Sun, Xieyuan Jiang, Kehan Hua, Dan Xiao, Chen Chen, Yejun Zha, Maoqi Gong

“…However, it remains controversial regarding the necessity of implant removal after bone union. …”
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The Impacts of Breakthrough Drug Classes on Total Healthcare Expenditures by Zeynal Karaca, Steven N. Wiggins

“…The costs and benefits of these newer and more expensive drugs, however, are controversial. The empirical evidence on whether newer drugs can decrease overall healthcare expenditures may enable private and public health policymakers to develop new drug benefit structures. …”
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Comparison of 15–20 mmHg versus 20–30 mmHg Compression Stockings in Reducing Occupational Oedema in Standing and Seated Healthy Individuals by Cleusa Ema Quilici Belczak, José Maria Pereira de Godoy, Amélia Cristina Seidel, Sergio Belczak, Rubiana Neves Ramos, Roberto Augusto Caffaro

“…Elastic compression stockings (ECS) are effective in preventing and reducing occupational edema (OE), but the optimal pressure according to the prevalent working position during the day is still controversial. Objective. To compare the effectiveness of ECS with different pressures (15–20 mmHg or 20–30 mmHg) for reducing OE in individuals working in different prolonged postures. …”
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Accelerating the momentum to achieve global elimination of hepatitis B infection: a scoping review of hepatitis B guidelines to reduce mother to child transmission by Ka Wang Cheung, Ying Rong Li, Ms Tiffany Sin-Tung Au, Mimi Tin Yan Seto

“…Of 30 guidelines addressing breastfeeding, 60% (18/30) recommended breastfeeding. However, controversies were found in the optimal timing of HBV disease evaluation during pregnancy and the ideal timing to stop antiviral prophylaxis after delivery. …”
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Prognosis after one- and two-stage revision surgery for periprosthetic joint infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Yiyuan Sun, Menghao Liu, Dan Xiao, Qi Li, Huan Xiong, Xue Luo, Boyu Zhu, Weili Fu

“…However, the literature on the selection of one protocol is still controversial. Thus, our aim was to compare the outcomes, including reinfections, complications, reoperations, and mortality, associated with one- and two-stage revision surgeries for PJI via a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. …”
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Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Spinal Fusion Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Daudi R. Manini, Frank D. Shega, ChaoFeng Guo, YuXiang Wang

“…But the use of PRP to augment bone fusion after spinal surgery in humans is still controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the role of PRP in enhancing spinal fusion by fastening the rate of new bone formation and decreasing pain after spinal surgery in humans. …”
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Anestesia espinal alta para mastoplastia reductora. Experiencia de tres años by Néstor Parets Correa, Yanet González Calcines

“…<p><strong>Fundamento: </strong>la aplicación de anestesia neuroaxial espinal alta en las intervenciones quirúrgicas resulta un tema controversial. <strong><br />Objetivo:</strong> describir los resultados de la aplicación de anestesia neuroaxial espinal alta en intervenciones quirúrgicas para mastoplastia reductora. …”
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Treatment with Lobeglitazone Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Sorim Choung, Kyong Hye Joung, Bo Ram You, Sang Ki Park, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku

“…However, TZDs are a controversial treatment for NAFLD because of conflicting results regarding hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. …”
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Therapeutic Evidence of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials by Baocheng Xie, Minyi Chen, Runkai Hu, Weichao Han, Shaobo Ding

“…However, clinical evidence is still limited and controversial about clinical efficacy of hMSC therapy for CP. …”
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Salvage transoral laser microsurgery for early local recurrence of glottic squamous cell cancer by Zhimou Cai, Huijun Yue, Lin Chen, Yang Xv, Yun Li, Bingjie Tang, Yu Lin, Wenbin Lei

“…Abstract Background For recurrent laryngeal cancer, the feasibility of salvage transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) remains controversial. This study compared the efficacy of TLM and open partial laryngectomy (OPL) for treatment of early local recurrence of glottic squamous cell cancer (GSCC) and confirm the effectiveness of salvage TLM as a treatment option. …”
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Lipoprotein(a) and thromboembolism: current state of knowledge and unsolved issues by Małgorzata Konieczyńska, Joanna Natorska, Michał Ząbczyk, Anetta Undas

“…However, its role in venous thromboembolism, including atypical locations like cerebral and retinal vein thrombosis, remains controversial despite several shared mechanisms underlying arterial and venous thromboembolism. …”
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Systemic doxycycline as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in diabetic patients with periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Zheng Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Guoquan Zhang

“…BackgroundRecent studies that investigated the effects of systemic doxycycline as an adjuvant to scale and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of diabetic periodontitis have yielded controversial results. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of systemic doxycycline as an adjunct to SRP against SRP alone for improving clinical outcomes of periodontitis in diabetic individuals.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP Data from the beginning of the database until March 2024. …”
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