Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in hydrocephalus secondary to vestibular schwannomas by Ernesto Enrique Horta-Tamayo, Diana Rosa Ortega-Raez, Luis Cesar Acosta-González, Orestes López-Piloto, Lismary Martínez-Valdés, Martha Suárez-Cruz

“…Introduction: Treatment options for hydrocephalus related to posterior fossa tumors have been extensively studied in the pediatric population, but the value of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in hydrocephalus secondary to vestibular schwannoma in adults, is controversial. A systematic search of the medical literature was carried out in Pubmed/Medline and SciElo for the identification and inclusion of articles, in addition to the preprint servers bioRxiv and medRxiv. …”
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Long term adult visual plasticity after the developmental critical period in genetically determined peripheral visual loss by Otília C. d’Almeida, Joana M. Sampaio, Sónia Ferreira, Eduardo D. Silva, Miguel Castelo-Branco

“…Adult neural plasticity within the visual system remains controversial. Starkly opposing views still remain on the ability of the visual system to reorganize in adulthood. …”
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Bilateral Peritonsillar Abscess in an Infant: An Unusual Presentation of Sore Throat by Mariana Manzoni Seerig, Letícia Chueiri, Janaina Jacques, Maria Fernanda Piccoli Cardoso de Mello, Martin Batista Coutinho da Silva, Daniel Buffon Zatt, Rosana Cristine Otero Cunha, Andre Souza de Albuquerque Maranhão

“…The diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and the treatment remains controversial among otolaryngologists. Conclusion. Bilateral peritonsillar abscess should be diagnosed and treated promptly and adequately to prevent respiratory obstruction and to avoid dissemination into the deep neck spaces.…”
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Current Indications for Surgical Repair in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Ascending Aortic Ectasia by Christian D. Etz, Martin Misfeld, Michael A. Borger, Maximilian Luehr, Elfriede Strotdrees, Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr

“…Preventive surgical repair of the moderately dilated ascending aorta/aortic root in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is controversial. Most international reference centers are currently proposing a proactive approach for BAV patients with a maximum ascending aortic/root diameter of 45 mm since the risk of dissection/rupture raises significantly with an aneurysm diameter >50 mm. …”
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Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of a patient with juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and renal cell cancer by A. V. Chupin, N. R. Masalimov, T. P. Baitman, A. A. Gritskevich, V. A. Kulbak, I. V. Miroshkina, E. V. Kondratyev, Ya. A. Stepanova, I. E. Timina

“…Currently, strategies for the management of tumor diseases of the urinary tract in combination with cardiovascular pathologies are controversial. In domestic literature, only isolated reports are found concerning the treatment of combined oncological and cardiovascular pathologies, and the global experience is limited to individual clinical observations and small retrospective series, primarily describing the experience of individual centers. …”
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A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Low-Volume PEG Solution Plus Ascorbic Acid versus Standard PEG Solution in Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy by Masahiro Tajika, Tsutomu Tanaka, Makoto Ishihara, Nobumasa Mizuno, Kazuo Hara, Susumu Hijioka, Hiroshi Imaoka, Takamitsu Sato, Tatsuji Yogi, Hideharu Tsutsumi, Toshihisa Fujiyoshi, Nobuhiro Hieda, Nozomi Okuno, Tsukasa Yoshida, Vikram Bhatia, Yasushi Yatabe, Kenji Yamao, Yasumasa Niwa

“…Evaluation of polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution containing ascorbic acid (PEG-ASC) has been controversial in the point of its hyperosmolarity, especially in old population. …”
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HER-2 Expression in Immunohistochemistry Has No Prognostic Significance in Gastric Cancer Patients by Agnieszka Halon, Piotr Donizy, Przemyslaw Biecek, Julia Rudno-Rudzinska, Wojciech Kielan, Rafal Matkowski

“…The role of HER-2 expression as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer (GC) is still controversial. The aim of the study was to asses HER-2 status, its correlations with clinicopathological parameters, and prognostic impact in GC patients. …”
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Ethical dilemmas in the care of patients suffering from psychotic catatonia: a case report by Luigi F. Saccaro, Luigi F. Saccaro, Barbara Privé, Ambra D’Imperio, Ambra D’Imperio, Claire Bridel, Othman Sentissi, Othman Sentissi, Alexandre Wullschleger

“…BackgroundCoercive measures in psychiatric practice are controversial due to their potential for severe negative effects. …”
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Mitochondrial genome and nuclear ribosomal RNA analysis place Alveonasus lahorensis within the Argasinae and suggest that the genus Alveonasus is paraphyletic by Ben J. Mans, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler, Ronel Pienaar, Minique de Castro, Mehran Khan, Mashal M. Almutairi, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Abid Ali, Ala Tabor

“…The position of Alveonasus remains controversial since traditional taxonomy placed it in the Ornithodorinae, while cladistic and limited molecular analysis placed it in the Argasinae. …”
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Adjuvant Radiochemotherapy with a 23-Month Overall Survival Time in a Patient after a Surgery due to Splenic Hemangiosarcoma Rupture: A Case Report with the Literature Review by M. Bilski, D. Surdyka, I. Paśnik, M. Bilska, P. Cisek, P. Korona, J. Szumiło, L. Grzybowska-Szatkowska

“…The role of postoperative radiotherapy in angiosarcomas remains controversial. Postoperative radiotherapy may increase local disease control, especially after nonradical operation, but this does not translate into improvement in overall survival time of these patients. …”
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Implications and Mechanisms of Antiviral Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Systematic Review by Fargol Farahmandi, Parynaz Parhizgar, Parya Mozafari Komesh Tape, Fahimeh Bizhannia, Fateme Sadat Rohani, Marzieh Bizhanzadeh, Zeinab Sadat Mostafavi Alhosseini, Maede Hosseinzade, Yeganeh Farsi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri

“…However, these studies are still controversial; a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the antiviral effects of LAB on viral infections. …”
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Expression of Potential Dermal Progenitor Cell Markers in the Tumour and Stroma of Skin Adnexal Malignant and Benign Tumours by Sven R. Quist, Maximilian Eckardt, André Kriesche, Harald P. Gollnick

“…The origin of skin cancer that derive from skin appendages is still controversial, including basal cell carcinoma and even more of rare tumours such as sebaceous carcinomas and whether those tumours originate from resident tissue stem cells. …”
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Role of thermal and dynamical subdaily perturbations over the Tibetan Plateau in 30-day extended-range forecast of East Asian precipitation in early summer by Bian He, Xinyu He, Yimin Liu, Guoxiong Wu, Qing Bao, Wenting Hu, Chen Sheng, Shijian Feng

“…Abstract The influence of the thermodynamic forcing of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the Asian summer monsoon remains controversial because the role of elevated heating across the TP remains unclear at multiple time scales. …”
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Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Chronic Urticaria: A Meta-Analysis by Huiyuan Gu, Lin Li, Min Gu, Guoxin Zhang

“…Some studies have shown the possible involvement of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in chronic urticaria, but the relationship remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively assess the association between H. pylori infection and chronic urticaria. …”
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Study of Mitogenomes Provides Implications for the Phylogenetics and Evolution of the Infraorder Muscomorpha in Diptera by Huan Yuan, Wenbo Fu, Shulin He, Tingjing Li, Bin Chen

“…ABSTRACT The Muscomorpha is one of the most species‐rich brachyceran groups in Diptera, with many species serving as important disease vectors; however, its high‐level phylogenetic relationships have long been controversial and unsolved. This study comparatively analyzed the characteristics of mitogenomes of 131 species that represent 18 superfamilies in Muscomorpha, in which mitogenomes of 16 species have been newly sequenced and annotated, demonstrating that their gene composition, order, AT bias, length variation, and codon usage are consistent with documented dipteran mitogenomes. …”
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ST8SIA6 Sialylates CD24 to Enhance Its Membrane Localization in BRCA by Jinxia He, Fengchao Zhang, Baihai Wu, Wengong Yu

“…However, whether sialylation governs the subcellular localization of CD24 in cancer remains unclear, and the impact of CD24 expression and localization on the clinical prognosis of cancer remains controversial. Here, we performed a systematic pan-cancer analysis of the gene expression levels and clinical correlation of <i>CD24</i>. …”
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Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Administered Early after Narcolepsy Type 1 Onset in Three Patients Evaluated by Clinical and Polysomnographic Follow-Up by Elisabeth Ruppert, Hélène Zagala, Juliette Chambe, Henri Comtet, Ulker Kilic-Huck, François Lefebvre, Marc Bataillard, Carmen Schroder, Laurent Calvel, Patrice Bourgin

“…Few case studies that reported intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg) suggest the efficacy of IVIg when administered early after disease onset, but the results are controversial. In these retrospective case observations, IVIg cycles were initiated within one to four months after cataplexy onset in a twenty-seven-year-old man, a ten-year-old girl, and a seven-year-old boy, all three with early onset typical narcolepsy type 1. …”
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High-Salt Intake Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance in WBN/Kob-Leprfa/fa Rats: A New Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Yoshiichi Takagi, Taichi Sugimoto, Masaya Kobayashi, Mitsuyuki Shirai, Fumitoshi Asai

“…High-salt intake is a major risk factor for developing hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effects on glucose homeostasis are controversial. We previously found that high-salt intake induces severe hypertension in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty (WBKDF) rats. …”
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Standard methods for marking caudate amphibians do not impair animal welfare over the short term: An experimental approach by David R Daversa, Ella Baxter, Gonçalo M Rosa, Chris Sergeant, Trenton WJ Garner

“…Marking animals is both widely used and controversial due to the potential consequences for animal welfare, which are often incompletely evaluated prior to implementation. …”
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Comparison between Two Different Two-Stage Transperineal Approaches to Treat Urethral Strictures or Bladder Neck Contracture Associated with Severe Urinary Incontinence that Occurr... by A. Simonato, M. Ennas, A. Benelli, A. Gregori, F. Oneto, E. Daglio, P. Traverso, G. Carmignani

“…The recurrence of urethral/bladder neck stricture after multiple endoscopic procedures is a rare complication that can follow prostatic surgery and its treatment is still controversial. Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed our data on 17 patients, operated between September 2001 and January 2010, who presented severe urinary incontinence and urethral/bladder neck stricture after prostatic surgery and failure of at least four conservative endoscopic treatments. …”
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