Acute Renal Replacement Therapy in Pediatrics by Rajit K. Basu, Derek S. Wheeler, Stuart Goldstein, Lesley Doughty

“…We discuss the major modalities and the data-driven specifics of each, followed by controversies in RRT. As no standard of care is in widespread use for RRT in AKI or in multiorgan disease, we conclude in this paper that prospective studies of RRT are needed to identify best practice guidelines.…”
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The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Colorectal Cancer by Joo-In Park, Jong-Young Kwak

“…Even though many investigators have studied the expression and clinical implications of PPARs in colorectal cancer, there are still many controversies about the role of PPARs in colorectal cancer. …”
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The review (typology) of small and medium-sized business in Russia and abroad by K. V. Glukhov, D. A. Smolina

“…In order to resolve controversial issues of classification, some assumptions and possible ways to solve are put forward in the article on the basis of the conducted research that can eliminate gaps in legislation. …”
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Life Quality: More than Just a Concept. by Hilda Robaina Becerra, Ana Teresa Fernández Vidal, Alicia del Rosario Ramírez Pérez

“…The concept of life quality is controversial and ambiguous; for many health professionals it is an issue that posses difficulties when being discussed because it deals with qualitative scales. …”
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Endoscopic Drainage of Giant Pancreatic Pseudocysts Using Both Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent and Plastic Stent: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Current Literature by Hussam I. A. Alzeerelhouseini, Muawiyah Elqadi, Mohammad N. Elqadi, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Hazem A. Ashhab

“…The ideal management for giant PPs is controversial. Endoscopic drainage is an alternative nonsurgical approach for PP management. …”
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Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Gallbladder: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Mehmet Fatih Haskaraca, Mustafa Ozsoy, İsmail Özsan, Kamile Kurt

“…Since the first report of an isolated malignant melanoma case of the gallbladder, it is already controversial whether isolated cases are metastatic or primary tumors. …”
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Quantitative Evaluation of Bacteria Adherent and in Biofilm on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Coated Surfaces by Fabrizio Pantanella, Francesca Berlutti, Daniele Passeri, Daniela Sordi, Alessandra Frioni, Tiziana Natalizi, Maria Letizia Terranova, Marco Rossi, Piera Valenti

“…However, data about the antibacterial properties of nano-structured surfaces are fragmentary and controversial, and, in particular, the susceptibility of nano-structured materials to colonization and biofilm formation by bacterial pathogens has not been yet thoroughly considered. …”
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Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Current Concepts by Graeme Matthewson, Cara J. Beach, Atiba A. Nelson, Jarret M. Woodmass, Yohei Ono, Richard S. Boorman, Ian K. Y. Lo, Gail M. Thornton

“…Despite their high prevalence, the diagnosis and treatment of partial thickness rotator cuff tears remains controversial. While recent studies have helped to elucidate the anatomy and natural history of disease progression, the optimal treatment, both nonoperative and operative, is unclear. …”
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Terror and Contemplation from Habermas and Chomsky to Derrida: A Formal and Content Critique of the Book Terror and Contemplation by Majid Hosseini, Meisam Ghahreman

“…Since the present book revolves around different and sometimes opposite viewpoints about controversial ideas in political sciences (terror and contemplation), a theoretical challenge about a single phenomenon (such as September 11th event) is introduced to the readers; therefore, a complicated mentality is provided for readers to reflect more on the twisted societal phenomena. …”
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Successful Low-Dose tPA for Mechanical Mitral Valve Thrombosis in a Patient with Postinfarction Contained Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture by James Livesay, Emmanuel Isang, Hassan Tahir, Raj Baljepally

“…Prosthetic valve thrombosis is a potentially life-threatening complication diagnosed by a combination of clinical features and imaging modalities, but the optimal management in high bleeding risk patients remains controversial. Current treatment options for prosthetic valve thrombosis included surgery, thrombolytic therapy, and anticoagulation. …”
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A Pediatric Case of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Onset following Varicella Zoster Ophthalmicus with Optic Neuritis by Naoko Shiba, Yuji Inaba, Mitsuo Motobayashi, Makoto Nishioka, Yoichiro Kawasaki, Shunsuke Noda, Hiroki Matsuura, Norimoto Kobayashi, Takafumi Matsuoka, Akinori Nakamura, Yozo Nakazawa

“…Some epidemiological studies have implied a pathogenetic association between varicella zoster virus (VZV) and multiple sclerosis (MS); this, however, remains controversial. The present report describes a case involving an immunocompetent 10-year-old girl who developed relapsing-remitting MS following the prolonged reactivation of VZV inside the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, exhibiting herpes zoster ophthalmicus with severe optic neuritis. …”
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Management and Reconstruction of a Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Patient Three Years after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Surgical Puzzle by Dionysios Dellaportas, James A. Gossage, Andrew R. Davies

“…The reconstruction controversies and considerations are highlighted. Discussion. …”
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Medicine and the Law by S Abdool Karim

“…While NHI has been controversial and much talked about, plenty of how the scheme will operate remains an unknown, and has not been defined within the Act. …”
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Massive Femoral Osteolysis Secondary to Loosening of a Cemented Roughened Long Stem: A Case Report by Yasuaki Tamaki, Tomohiro Goto, Daisuke Hamada, Toshihiko Nishisho, Kiminori Yukata, Suzue Naoto, Hiroshi Egawa, Koichi Sairyo

“…In efforts to decrease the rate of aseptic loosening, some prostheses have been designed to have a roughened surface that enhances bonding between the prosthesis and cement, but clinical outcomes remain controversial. We present a rare case of massive osteolysis with extreme femoral expansion that developed after cemented revision total hip arthroplasty. …”
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Role of nitric oxide synthase on brain GABA transaminase activity and GABA levels by Vega Rasgado Lourdes A., Reyes Guillermo Ceballos, Vega Díaz Fernando

“…In an attempt to clarify the controversial role of nitric oxide (NO) in seizures, the effects of NO on brain GABA transaminase (GABA-T) activity and GABA levels were investigated. …”
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Bilateral Sensorineural Deafness in a Young Pregnant Female Presenting with a Fever: A Rare Complication of a Reemerging Disease—Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses by A. G. T. A. Kariyawasam, D. R. Palangasinghe, C. L. Fonseka, P. U. T. De Silva, T. E. Kanakkahewa, N. J. Dahanayaka

“…Since usage of doxycycline is controversial in pregnancy, azithromycin gave a favourable recovery of fever. …”
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Ancillary tests for brain death by Shyam Duvuru, Vivek Sanker, Rajeeb Kumar Mishra, Arvind K. Sharma, Shir Lynn Lim, Nisha Baskar, Vijay K. Sharma

“…However, there are several medical, legal, religious, ethical, and social controversies. Accordingly, “premature” and “delayed” diagnoses of brain death attract these issues.MethodsDepending upon the availability and experience of the managing medical teams, various ancillary tests are employed for an early and supplementary diagnosis of brain death.ResultsWe describe the practicality, test performance, and utility of some of the commonly employed ancillary tests for the diagnosis of brain death in clinical practice, along with their case examples.ConclusionBrain death is a clinical diagnosis determined by history, physical examination, and adherence to recommended criteria. …”
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Mugabe's victory spells doom for the media in Zimbabwe by George Nyabuga

“…I posit that Mugabe's contempt and assault on the media will continue, especially after he signed into law the controversial Access to Information Act aimed at curtailing criticism by the press. …”
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Role of Interferons in the Development of Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapy for Tuberculosis by Kai Ling Chin, Fadhilah Zulkipli Anis, Maria E. Sarmiento, Mohd Nor Norazmi, Armando Acosta

“…Although this aspect remains controversial at present due to the lack of established correlates of protection, currently, there are different prophylactic, diagnostic, and immunotherapeutic approaches in which IFNs play an important role. …”
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Type I Diabetes-Associated Tolerogenic Properties of Interleukin-2 by Aziz Alami Chentoufi, Simon Gaudreau, Alex Nguyen, Mahmoud Sabha, Abdelaziz Amrani, Geyhad ElGhazali

“…In this paper, we highlight the recent findings and controversies regarding the tolerogenic properties of IL-2 mediated through nTreg. …”
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