2020–2021 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Plant Bugs, Chewing Insect Pests, Caribbean Fruit Fly, and Thrips by Xavier Martini, Lauren Marie Diepenbrock

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Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes by Syeda Sadia Hassan, Syed Hussain Askary, Syed Mohammad Ahmed Bukhari, Amir Akbar Shaikh, Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi, Abubakar Abdullah, Hassan Shahid

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High Seroprevalence of Autoantibodies Typical of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Eastern Ethiopia: Is Chewing of Khat (Catha edulis) a Triggering Factor? by Stian Magnus Staurung Orlien, Tekabe Abdosh Ahmed, Nejib Yusuf Ismael, Nega Berhe, Trine Lauritzen, Svein Gunnar Gundersen, Asgeir Johannessen

“…Recent studies have identified chewing of khat (Catha edulis) as an independent risk factor for liver injury; however, the pathogenetic mechanism remains poorly understood. …”
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Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men by Li Ding, Jue Liu, Yi Yao, Li Guo, Bin Chen, Yinhang Cao, Olivier Girard

“…IntroductionCaffeinated chewing gum, known for its rapid absorption, has not been previously studied for its effects on maximal strength and muscular endurance in resistance exercise. …”
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Brief intervention to enhance cessation of smokeless tobacco use in newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancers: A randomized controlled trial in patient-relative dyads by Sai Krishna Tikka, Avinash Shukla, Ripu D. Arora, Sharda Singh, Supriya Mahant, Sachin Verma, Lokesh K. Singh

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Perioperative gum-chewing training prevents a decrease in tongue pressure after esophagectomy in thoracic esophageal cancer patients: a nonrandomized trial by Reiko Yamanaka-Kohno, Yasuhiro Shirakawa, Aya Yokoi, Naoaki Maeda, Shunsuke Tanabe, Kazuhiro Noma, Kazuyoshi Shimizu, Toshiharu Mituhashi, Yoshihide Nakamura, Souto Nanba, Yurika Uchida, Takayuki Maruyama, Manabu Morita, Daisuke Ekuni

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Isoacid supplementation influences feed sorting, chewing behaviors, and enteric methane emissions differentially in mid-lactation dairy cows depending on dietary forage level by M.R.A. Redoy, S. Ahmed, M. Bulnes, D.H. Kleinschmit, M.E. Uddin

“…In alignment with the long particle sorting index, ISO decreased eating and chewing time in the HF but increased them in the LF diet (P < 0.01). …”
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Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of nicotine chewing gum and nicotine patches as nicotine replacement therapy using salivary cotinine levels as a biochemical validation measure by T Sivasankari, Avudaiappan Sankaran, Senthil Murugappan, Veni Subramanyam, Balanehru Subramanian, RC Jagat Reddy, S Vandana

“…The sample was divided into two groups: Group 1 tobacco smokers were offered nicotine chewing gum, and group 2 tobacco smokers were offered nicotine patches. …”
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Mechanical analysis of 3D printed dental restorations manufactured using different resins and validation with FEM analysis by Buse Cebi Gul, Fatih Demirci, Nagehan Baki, Erkan Bahce, Mutlu Özcan

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Risk of acute coronary syndrome and relationship with the use of khat and tobacco products in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: A prospective case-control study by Rashad Alsanosy, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Abdulelah Mohammed Arishi, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Manal Taha, Osama Albasheer, Hasan Mohammed Daghriri, Khalid Ahmed Majrashi, Abdullah Farasani, Ahmed A. A. Altraifi, Isameldin E. Medani, Nasser Hakami

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Smokeless tobacco: knowledge, attitudes and usage in Pakistan by Hammad Atif Irshad, Sajjan Raja, Hamzah Jehanzeb, Wamiq Ali Shaikh, Umair Saleem, Shahzil Abdur Rehman Malik, Akmal Shahzad, Mamoon Shaikh, Nousheen Iqbal, Javaid Ahmed Khan

Subjects: “…Chewed tobacco…”
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Mastication and electrical activation in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta by Andressa Colares da Costa Otavio, Mariana Vicereki Trescastro, Hilton Justino da Silva, Erissandra Gomes, Têmis Maria Félix

“…Surface electromyography was performed on the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles at rest for 10 seconds and during maximum intercuspation, spontaneous chewing, and instructed chewing on the right and left sides. …”
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Oral Lesions Induced by Chronic Khat Use Consist Essentially of Thickened Hyperkeratinized Epithelium by Ochiba Mohammed Lukandu, Lionel Sang Koech, Paul Ngugi Kiarie

“…Objectives. The habit of khat chewing is prevalent in many Middle Eastern and African cultures and has been associated with various adverse conditions in humans. …”
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Puréed Foods: A Guide to Quick Meals by Wendy J. Dahl

“… Puréed foods are an important source of nutrients for those who have problems chewing or swallowing. A puréed food is any item that has been processed into a smooth and uniform texture and therefore does not require chewing. …”
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Puréed Foods: A Guide to Quick Meals by Wendy J. Dahl

“… Puréed foods are an important source of nutrients for those who have problems chewing or swallowing. A puréed food is any item that has been processed into a smooth and uniform texture and therefore does not require chewing. …”
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Flavor release from traditional dry-cured pork during oral processing by Xing Tian, Zongjun Li, Ke Li, Zhongqin Wu, Rui Ren, Haodong Wang, Chaoqun Zeng

“…It was hypothesized that a slow steady release of flavor would occur on chewing and hydration. To test this, high salt dry-cured pork was chewed and held in oral cavity without swallowing for 4 different chewing stages (B, NC30, C30, EC). …”
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Association between poor oral health and deterioration of appetite in older age: results from longitudinal analyses of two prospective cohorts from the UK and USA by Sheena E Ramsay, Olia Papacosta, S Goya Wannamethee, John C Mathers, Peter H Whincup, Lucy Lennon, Ziyi Cai, Suruchi G Ganbavale, Robert Weyant

“…Logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural and health-related factors.Results Cross-sectionally, poor self-rated oral health, dry mouth, eating or chewing difficulty, food avoidance and cumulative oral health problems were associated with appetite loss in both studies. …”
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Effects of oral sarcopenia and malnutrition on the elderly by Chieh Chen, Da-Ming Liao

“…Abstract Old-aged adults often suffer from nutrient deficiency or appetite loss resulting from taste and smell degeneration, poor oral and dental functions, and chewing and swallowing difficulties in addition to having poor digestion and gastrointestinal tract absorption or delayed stomach emptying. …”
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Oral Hygiene Practices, Knowledge, and Self-Reported Dental and Gingival Problems with Rural-Urban Disparities among Primary School children in Lilongwe, Malawi by F. Mlenga, E. G. Mumghamba

“…Plastic toothbrush users (95%) overshadowed chewing stick users (24.9%). The use of chewing stick was significantly higher in rural (49%) than in urban (1.9%) schools. …”
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