Butterfly Distribution of Relativistic Electrons Driven by Parallel Propagating Lower Band Whistler Chorus Waves by S. Saito, Y. Miyoshi

“…Abstract We report results from a test particle simulation to reveal that electron scattering driven by lower band whistler chorus waves propagating along a magnetic field line plays an important role to produce the butterfly distribution of relativistic electrons. The results show that two nonlinear scattering processes, which are the phase trapping and the dislocation process, contribute to the formation of the butterfly distribution within a minute. …”
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Monarch butterfly optimization based energy management system for electric vehicle with interleaved landsman converter by C. Milton, T. S. Sivarani

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Method of Treating the Position Drift of Hydraulic-controlled Butterfly Valve for Shendong Water Supply Project by 刘向阳, 阳恩宝

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Tawny Emperor butterfly Asterocampa clyton (Boisduval & LeConte) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) by Donald W. Hall

“…The tawny emperor is a medium sized, non-descript butterfly that is common in riparian forests, but is also found in dry woods and suburbs. …”
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Evidence for Obligate Monophenism in Reliquia Santamarta, a Neotropical-Alpine Pierine Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) by Arthur M. Shapiro

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Retracted: Analysis of Option Butterfly Portfolio Models Based on Nonparametric Estimation Deep Learning Method by Journal of Function Spaces

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Contribution to the knowledge on butterflies and moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of the upper course of the Neretva River, Bosnia and Herzegovina by Branislava Dukić, Gernot Kunz

“… The results of a biodiversity survey on butterflies and moths from the upper course of the Neretva River in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. …”
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Fiery Skipper Hylephila phyleus (Drury) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) by Taryn B. Griffith, Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman

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Fiery Skipper Hylephila phyleus (Drury) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) by Taryn B. Griffith, Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman

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Comparative analysis of phytochemical properties in preserved and non-preserved butterfly pea flower beverages during storage by Puspitojati Endah, Rahayu Novia Aristi, Fatimah Nur, Sumarna Sumarna

“…This study aims to analyze the changes in phytochemical content in butterfly pea flower beverages with and without preservatives during storage at different temperatures. …”
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Correction: Wiped out by an earthquake? The ‘extinct’ Taiwanese swallowtail butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) was morphologically and genetically distinct

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Mitogenomic Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal New Insights into the Taxonomy and Evolution of Parnassiinae Swallowtail Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) by Lu Song, Xiaoxiao Chen, Xiushan Li, Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Youssef Dewer, Suqin Shang, Jingjiang Zhou

“…Within the swallowtail butterfly subfamily Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), an insect group of significant environmental and economic importance, essential aspects of phylogenetic positioning remain unresolved. …”
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Atala Butterfly, Atala Hairstreak, Coontie Hairstreak, Eumaeus atala Poey 1832 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) by Sandy Koi, Donald W. Hall

“…EENY-641/IN326: Atala Butterfly, Atala Hairstreak, Coontie Hairstreak, Eumaeus atala Poey 1832 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) (ufl.edu) …”
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Natural and sexual selection and functional roles influence colouration but not the amount of variation in butterfly wing colour patterns by Bhavya Dharmaraaj, Krushnamegh Kunte

“…Conclusions These findings show that functional roles and selection influence colour parameters but not the amount of variation in butterfly wing colour patterns.…”
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Life History of Aricoris propitia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)—A Myrmecophilous Butterfly Obligately Associated with Fire Ants by Lucas A. Kaminski, Fernando S. Carvalho-Filho

“…We propose A. propitia as an extraordinary model for studies on ant-butterfly evolutionary history in the Neotropics.…”
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Q-Learning-Driven Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Green Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Customer Preference by Weiping Meng, Yang He, Yongquan Zhou

Subjects: “…butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA)…”
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Design and fabrication study of a small remote-controlled bionic butterfly flapping-wing flying machine by Yaozeng Mao, Fan Wu, Junjie Lao, Minglei Li

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Atala Butterfly, Atala Hairstreak, Coontie Hairstreak, Eumaeus atala Poey 1832 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) by Sandy Koi, Donald W. Hall

“…EENY-641/IN326: Atala Butterfly, Atala Hairstreak, Coontie Hairstreak, Eumaeus atala Poey 1832 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) (ufl.edu) …”
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Correction: Wiped out by an earthquake? The 'extinct' Taiwanese swallowtail butterfly (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) was morphologically and genetically distinct. by Vazrick Nazari, Shen-Horn Yen, Yu-Feng Hsu, Galina Shapoval, Nazar Shapoval, Valentina Todisco

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Study on the evolution law of the ‘Butterfly-type’ plastic zone in the surrounding rock of deep dynamic pressure roadway by Yiwen Liang, Jianqiang Jin, Wenhua Zha, Tao Xu, Wenbo Cheng

“…The study on the evolution of the “butterfly-type” plastic zone is of great theoretical and practical significance for the development and utilisation of deep underground resources.…”
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