A data-driven cluster analysis to explore cognitive reserve and modifiable risk factors in early phases of cognitive decline by Sara Bernini, Alice Valcarenghi, Elena Ballante, Federico Fassio, Marta Picascia, Elena Cavallini, Matteo Cotta Ramusino, Alfredo Costa, Tomaso Vecchi, Cristina Tassorelli, Sara Bottiroli

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Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation on Multiparametric CT Perfusion Maps Using Deep Neural Network by Ankit Kandpal, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Anup Singh

“…<b>Background:</b> Accurate delineation of lesions in acute ischemic stroke is important for determining the extent of tissue damage and the identification of potentially salvageable brain tissues. Automatic segmentation on CT images is challenging due to the poor contrast-to-noise ratio. …”
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Brainstem BDNF neurons are downstream of GFRAL/GLP1R signalling by Claire H. Feetham, Valeria Collabolletta, Amy A. Worth, Rosemary Shoop, Sam Groom, Court Harding, Mehdi Boutagouga Boudjadja, Tamer Coskun, Paul J. Emmerson, Giuseppe D’Agostino, Simon M. Luckman

“…Here, in mice, we describe a separate pathway downstream of GFRAL/GLP1R neurons that involves a distinct population of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) cells in the medial nucleus of the tractus solitarius. …”
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Characterization of Neurogenic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured in Xeno/Serum-Free Condition: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment by Jieun Jung, Jong-Wan Kim, Ho-Jin Moon, Jin Young Hong, Jung Keun Hyun

“…The transplanted cells of the NSC group survived well within the normal brain and injured spinal cord of rats and expressed nestin and Sox2. …”
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Diagnosed after Switching from Natalizumab to Fingolimod by Tim Sinnecker, Jalal Othman, Marc Kühl, Imke Metz, Thoralf Niendorf, Annett Kunkel, Friedemann Paul, Jens Wuerfel, Juergen Faiss

“…The PML diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed by brain biopsy. The occurrence of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) during fingolimod therapy, elevated measures of JCV antibody indices, and the relevance of milky-way-like lesions detectable by (7 T) MRI are discussed.…”
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Dihydroartemisinin inhibits EphA2/PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated malignant behaviors and vasculogenic mimicry in glioma stem cells by Huangde Fu, Shengtian Wu, Hechun Shen, Kai Luo, Zhongxiang Huang, Nankun Lu, Yaolin Li, Qian Lan, Yishun Xian

“…Gliomas, the most prevalent primary brain tumors, exhibit a poor five-year survival rate despite advances in various treatments, necessitating further studies to understand tumor progression and develop new therapies, particularly targeting EphA2, which is implicated in vasculogenic mimicry and glioma progression. …”
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Evolutionarily Developed Alternatively Spliced Exons Containing Translation Initiation Sites by Jun-ichi Takeda, Takaaki Okamoto, Akio Masuda

“…The splicing of 5UC-ASEs is under the repressive control of MATR3, a DNA/RNA-binding protein associated with neurodegeneration, and is distinctly regulated particularly in the human brain, muscle, and testis. Interestingly, MATR3 represses its own translation by skipping a 5UC-ASE in <i>MATR3</i> to autoregulate its expression level. 5UC-ASEs are larger than other types of alternative exons. …”
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Indications and findings of flexible bronchoscopy in trauma field in Korea: a case series by Dongsub Noh

“…The main organs injured involved the chest (n=22), brain (n=9), abdominal organ (n=7), cervical spine (n=4), extremities (n=4), and face (n=1). …”
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The Dynamic DNA Demethylation during Postnatal Neuronal Development and Neural Stem Cell Differentiation by Huikang Tao, Pei Xie, Yuhang Cao, Liqi Shu, Liping Li, Junchen Chen, Guangfeng Tian, Yingliang Zhuang, Qiang Shu, Xuekun Li

“…It was found that 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC were highly enriched in multiple brain regions and aNSCs and displayed temporal and spatial patterns during postnatal neuronal development and the differentiation of aNSCs. …”
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Neuronal BDNF Signaling Is Necessary for the Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Synaptic Stripping of Axotomized Motoneurons by Joey Krakowiak, Caiyue Liu, Chandana Papudesu, P. Jillian Ward, Jennifer C. Wilhelm, Arthur W. English

“…In conditional, neuron-specific brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) knockout mice, a reduction in synaptic contacts onto motoneurons was noted in intact animals which was similar in magnitude to that observed after nerve transection in wild-type controls. …”
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HIV-Associated Vacuolar Myelopathy and HIV-Associated Dementia as the Initial Manifestation of HIV/AIDS by Natalia Wuliji, Matthew J. Mandell, Jason M. Lunt, Adam Merando

“…His exam was significant for hyperreflexia and weakness in bilateral lower extremities, upgoing plantar reflex, dysmetria, and ataxic gait. MRI-brain was notable for nonspecific volume loss and diffusely increased T2 signal throughout the supratentorial white matter. …”
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In Vivo and In Vitro Studies Assessing the Antiviral Efficacy of Double Combinations Against Coxsackievirus B Infection by Adelina Stoyanova, Simeon Galabov, Vadim Makarov, Angel S. Galabov

“…Phenotypic characterization using the IC₅₀ marker of virus isolates from brain tissue of infected and treated mice was of particular importance for the evaluation of the CAA treatment scheme. …”
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Distribution of Dopamine Receptor 2 DRD2 rs1800497 Polymorphisms in Professional Football Players by Beste Tacal Aslan, Özlem Özge Yılmaz, Tolga Polat, Çisem Şılar, Başak Funda Eken, Canan Sercan Doğan, Korkut Ulucan

“…The dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) rs1800497 polymorphism affects the brain’s dopaminergic system and athletic performance. …”
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Diet and medical foods in Parkinson’s disease by Klaus W. Lange, Yukiko Nakamura, Ning Chen, Jianjun Guo, Shigehiko Kanaya, Katharina M. Lange, Shiming Li

“…Gut microbial dysbiosis and altered microbial metabolites found in PD may lead to chronic low-grade inflammation in gut and brain. Interventions targeting gut microbiota, such as the supplementation of probiotics, may provide novel approaches to PD in regard to both symptomatic treatment and disease modification. …”
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Systematic Characterization of Splicing Dysregulation in Pan Solid Tumor Transcriptome by Jingru Sui, Dan Guo, Xiao Wen, Lei Zhou, Yue Huang, Haoyu Yu, Jinyu Chen, Zhaoqi Liu

“…Cross‐cancer commonalities of splicing dysregulation are observed among digestive system neoplasms, renal‐associated tumors, and urogenital tumors. By contrast, brain tumors demonstrate a distinct splicing pattern with the highest ASE‐SF correlation. …”
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Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome: Understanding Chronic Thalamic Pain by Saket S Toshniwal, Jiwan Kinkar, Yatika Chadha, Sourya Acharya, Sunil Kumar

“…A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain performed at the time of the stroke showed a lesion in the ventroposterior lateral thalamic region, leading to the diagnosis of the debilitating condition known as Dejerine-Roussy syndrome, as shown in [Table/Fig-1a-d].…”
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Going beyond cognitive approach to behavioral stream in economic sciences: Behavioristic and evolutionary perspectives by Dominika Korzeniowska, Łukasz Sułkowski

“…Evolutionary concepts also seem to gain in importance nowadays, especially in terms of neuroscientific methods used to investigate how the human brain functions. The combination of all three approaches seems quite promising and worth further development, as it may lead to not only uncovering the mechanisms underlying economic behaviors but also may help people to make better decisions. …”
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Progress on responsive neurostimulation in treatment of drug⁃resistant epilepsy by FAN Xiu⁃liang, BAI Yu⁃tong, YANG An⁃chao, ZHANG Kai

“…The RNS utilizes invasived electrodes to monitor brain activity in real time, detect seizure precursors, and deliver electrical stimulation, effectively reducing the frequency and severity of DRE. …”
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Letalidad hospitalaria por enfermedad cerebrovascular en la provincia de Cienfuegos by Ada Sánchez Lozano, Ada Lozano Leblanc, Joan Rojas Fuentes, Yaineli Cutiño Mass, Ricardo Verdecia Fraga, Ernesto Julio Bernal Valladares

“…Death from stroke tends to decrease and, to a lesser extent, mortality due to brain hemorrhage, which remains high. There is also an increase in subarachnoid hemorrhage.…”
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An Atypical Presentation of a Male with Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1 Related Ciliopathy by Sheena Sharma, Jennifer M. Kalish, Ethan M. Goldberg, Francis Jeshira Reynoso, Madhura Pradhan

“…A Ciliopathy Panel showed a novel and likely pathogenic deletion, approximately 7.9 kb, in the OFD1 gene encompassing exons 16, 17, and 19 (c.1654+833_2599+423del). Brain MRI did not demonstrate typical OFD1 findings. …”
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