“Spontaneous epidural hematoma in a pediatric patient following pansinusitis: a case report and review of the literature” by Shahin Nazarpour, Farid Qoorchi Moheb Seraj, Seyed Morteza Sharifzadeh Khavari, Mehran Seadghat, Mohammad Ali Abouei Mehrizi

“…The patient had a history of nasal discharge and fever for about four days. The brain Computed tomography scan revealed a hematoma that was treated with craniotomy. …”
Get full text

Relationship between Zinc (Zn2+) and Glutamate Receptors in the Processes Underlying Neurodegeneration by Bartłomiej Pochwat, Gabriel Nowak, Bernadeta Szewczyk

“…The results from numerous studies have shown that an imbalance between particular neurotransmitters may lead to brain circuit dysfunction and development of many pathological states. …”
Get full text

In Vivo Imaging of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Regulation in a Subcutaneous and Orthotopic GL261 Glioma Tumor Model Using a Reporter Gene Assay by Sandra Bürgi, Aline Seuwen, Ruth Keist, Johannes vom Berg, Joanes Grandjean, Markus Rudin

“…Although this may be the result of the overall smaller size of orthotopic tumors, it might also reflect differences in the local environment, such as the better intrinsic vascularization of brain tissue compared to the subcutaneous tissue compartment.…”
Get full text

Maladaptive Plasticity for Motor Recovery after Stroke: Mechanisms and Approaches by Naoyuki Takeuchi, Shin-Ichi Izumi

“…To minimize this maladaptive plasticity, rehabilitation programs should be selected according to the motor impairment of stroke patients. Noninvasive brain stimulation might also be useful for correcting maladaptive plasticity after stroke. …”
Get full text

Redefining Creativity and Well-being: A Feasibility Study for a New Course at a Small Liberal Arts College in Japan by Lee Friederich, Yuko Taniguchi, Naoko Araki, Naeko Naganuma, Joel Friederich, Kathryn R. Cullen

Get full text

Neuronal heterogeneity in the ventral tegmental area: Distinct contributions to reward circuitry and motivated behavior by N. Dalton Fitzgerald, Jeremy J. Day

“…The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a critical component of brain reward circuitry that influences motivation, learning, and emotional regulation. …”
Get full text

The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor as a Target for Antidepressant Drug Development by Noah S. Philip, Linda L. Carpenter, Audrey R. Tyrka, Lawrence H. Price

“…This receptor, which is distributed widely in regions of the brain associated with depression, is also implicated in other important processes that are relevant to depression, such as stress and inflammation. …”
Get full text

Design and Implementation Guidelines for a Modular Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Scanner by Farid Atry, Israel Jacob De La Rosa, Kevin R. Rarick, Ramin Pashaie

“…While this article can be generalized for different applications, we will demonstrate the design of a SD-OCT system and representative results for in vivo brain imaging. We explain procedures to measure the axial and transversal resolutions and field of view of the system and to understand the discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical values. …”
Get full text

Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase and the Neuroprotective Function of Conjugated ZnO-Osthol Nanoparticles in Alzheimer’s Disease by Nahed S. Alharthi, Fahad M. Aldakheel, Abdulkarim S. Binshaya

“…A critical factor in the cause and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the growth of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain. The mechanism of this effect is still unknown, although the effect of osthol on Aβ-induced inflammation is neuroprotective in AD and supplementation with zinc might prevent or delay the onset of dementia. …”
Get full text

The Role of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy by Filiz Onat, My Andersson, Nihan Çarçak

“…Astrocytes regulate neuronal homeostasis, excitability, and synaptic plasticity, playing key roles in maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and mediating neuroinflammatory responses. …”
Get full text

Electroconvulsive shock and transcranial magnetic stimulation do not alter the survival or spine density of adult-born striatal neurons. by Tara Gaertner, Tian Rui Zhang, Baran Askari, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Jason S Snyder

“…A handful of studies have also investigated adult neurogenesis in other brain regions, but relatively little is known about the properties of neurons added to non-canonical areas. …”
Get full text

Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Human and Animal Studies with Implications for Therapeutic Perspectives Aimed at Memory Recovery by Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli, Valentina Ricci, Silvia Middei

“…Newborn neurons integrate into existing neuronal networks, where they play a key role in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory. In the ageing brain, neurogenic capability progressively declines while in parallel increases the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the main neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss. …”
Get full text

FLAIR Hyperintense Vessel Sign of Both MCAs with Severe Heart Failure by Donghee Kim, Seung-Yul Lee, Kwon-Duk Seo

“…She had a history of hypertension, heart failure, and dementia. Brain MRI demonstrated FHVs within both middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). …”
Get full text

In Vivo Photoelectrochemical Analysis by Li Li, Yueru Zhao, Cong Pan, Wenjie Ma, Ping Yu

“…Microelectrode-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology is a novel and rapidly developing analytical method for the in vivo probing of neurochemical events in the brain, which is distinguished by its low background noise and high detection sensitivity. …”
Get full text

Improved Set-point Tracking Control of an Unmanned Aerodynamic MIMO System Using Hybrid Neural Networks by Oduetse Matsebe, David Mohammed Ezekiel, Ravi Samikannu

“…Artificial neural networks (ANN), an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique, are both bio-inspired and nature-inspired models that mimic the operations of the human brain and the central nervous system that is capable of learning. …”
Get full text

Supraspinal facilitation of painful stimuli by glutamatergic innervation from the retrosplenial to the anterior cingulate cortex. by Shun Hao, Man Xue, Qi-Yu Chen, Jinjin Wan, Yu-Jie Ma, Wantong Shi, Xuanying Chen, Xu-Hui Li, Jing-Shan Lu, Fang Xu, Guo-Qiang Bi, Wucheng Tao, Min Zhuo

“…In this study, we employed a combination of whole-brain imaging, in vitro electrophysiology, and two-photon calcium imaging techniques to confirm the presence of direct excitatory glutamatergic projections from the RSC to the ACC in mice. …”
Get full text

Severe Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease Associated with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome by N. K. Sujay, Matthew Jones, Emma Whittle, Helen Murphy, Marcus K. H. Auth

“…The toxic effects of alcohol on the developing brain are well recognised. However, little is known about the effects of alcohol on the developing gastrointestinal tract or their mechanism. …”
Get full text

Highly Variable Genomic Landscape of Endogenous Retroviruses in the C57BL/6J Inbred Strain, Depending on Individual Mouse, Gender, Organ Type, and Organ Location by Kang-Hoon Lee, Debora Lim, David Greenhalgh, Kiho Cho

“…None shared the same MLV-ERV landscape within each comparison group: (1) sperm and 18 tissues from one mouse, (2) six brain compartments from two females, (3) spleen and thymus samples from four age groups, (4) three spatial tissue sets from two females, and (5) kidney and liver samples from three females and three males. …”
Get full text

Bilateral Visual Loss as Presenting Symptom of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient with HIV/Tuberculosis Coinfection: A Case Report by S. Guerriero, L, Ciracì, T. Centoducati, F. Pignatelli, V. Lamargese, A. Salvati, F. Dicuonzo

“…Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state accompanied by a unique brain imaging pattern. This cliniconeuroradiological entity usually presents with visual disturbances (cortical blindness, homonymous hemianopia, visual neglect, and blurred vision) along with neurotoxic manifestations. …”
Get full text

Therapeutic Potential of 5-HT2C Receptor Ligands by Nanna H. Jensen, Thomas I. Cremers, Florence Sotty

“…Anatomically, they are present in various brain regions, including cortical areas, hippocampus, ventral midbrain, striatum, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, and amygdala. …”
Get full text