Diffusion MRI-based analysis of functional alterations of the glymphatic system in children with non-lesional epilepsy by Bixia Wu, Gengbiao Zhang, Yanting Wang, Hongyi Zheng, Hui Tan, Wenbin Zheng

“…The ALPS index and fractional volume of free water in white matter (FW-WM) in the brain were calculated to analyze the differences between groups and the correlation between the corresponding parameters and clinical indicators such as age of onset, duration of the disease, seizure frequency, and seizure duration. …”
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Evaluating pre-processing and deep learning methods in medical imaging: Combined effectiveness across multiple modalities by Thien B. Nguyen-Tat, Tran Quang Hung, Pham Tien Nam, Vuong M. Ngo

“…These datasets include two X-ray collections: the COVID-19 Pneumonia Normal Chest PA Dataset and the Osteoporosis Knee X-ray Dataset; two CT scan datasets: the Chest CT-Scan Images Dataset and the Brain Stroke CT Image Dataset; two MRI datasets: the Breast Cancer Patients MRI and the Brain Tumor MRI Dataset; and two ultrasound datasets: the Ultrasound Breast Images for Breast Cancer and the MT Small Dataset. …”
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Mechanism of Swimming Exercise Intervention on Rats with Vascular Dementia Based on PERK/ATF4/CHOP Pathway by LIU Fang, LI Mengxing, WANG Yu, TANG Wei

“…Compared with the model group, the average escape latency of the swimming exercise group and the drug group were significantly shortened, and the number of platform crossing significantly increased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). (2) Neuron ultrastructure: in the model group, the number of organelles in the cytoplasm decreased, cytoplasmic matrix dissolution and vacuolization occurred, mitochondria cristae were broken and unclear, and neural fiber necrosis and dissolution were visible; compared with the model group, the swimming exercise group showed significant improvement in the structure of various organelles in the cytoplasm and the degree of vacuolar changes. (3) Expression levers of brain tissue PERK, ATF4, CHOP mRNA and protein: compared with the sham operation group, the expression levels of PERK, ATF4, CHOP mRNA, and protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of the model group significantly increased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the model group, the expression levels of PERK, ATF4, CHOP mRNA and protein in the hippocampal CA1 region of the swimming exercise group significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).ConclusionSwimming exercise can protect brain tissue in rats with VD and improve their cognitive functions. …”
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Role of apoptosis genes in aggression revealed using combined analysis of ANDSystem gene networks, expression and genomic data in grey rats with aggressive behavior by A. O. Bragin, O. V. Saik, I. V. Chadaeva, P. S. Demenkov, A. L. Markel, Yu. L. Orlov, E. I.  Rogaev, I. N. Lavrik, V. A. Ivanisenko

“…The expression of key neuronal apoptosis genes (Casp3, Bax and Bcl-xl) in the brain of highly aggressive rats is significantly altered. …”
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Select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulates vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling by Kelly G. Jameson, Sabeen A. Kazmi, Takahiro E. Ohara, Celine Son, Kristie B. Yu, Donya Mazdeyasnan, Emma Leshan, Helen E. Vuong, Jorge Paramo, Arlene Lopez-Romero, Long Yang, Felix E. Schweizer, Elaine Y. Hsiao

“…Summary: The vagus nerve is proposed to enable communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, but activity-based evidence is lacking. We find that mice reared germ-free exhibit decreased vagal tone relative to colonized controls, which is reversed via microbiota restoration. …”
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Titin fragment is a sensitive biomarker in Duchenne muscular dystrophy model mice carrying full-length human dystrophin gene on human artificial chromosome by Yosuke Hiramuki, Miwa Hosokawa, Kayo Osawa, Taku Shirakawa, Yasuhiro Watanabe, Ritsuko Hanajima, Hiroyuki Kugoh, Hiroyuki Awano, Masafumi Matsuo, Yasuhiro Kazuki

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Effect of Five Elements Music Concrete Hypnosis Technique on Subthreshold Depression after Stroke by ZHANG Jiale, ZHOU Xia, LIU Jianxian, QIAN Qian, WANG Qin, WANG Zhensong

“…In addition, 12 patients in the observation group underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to observe the activation range of brain regions.ResultsCompared with those before treatment, the scores of HAMD-17 and CES-D of both groups decreased significantly after treatment, and the scores of FMA and MBI increased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). …”
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Combined mutations in nonstructural protein 14, envelope, and membrane proteins mitigate the neuropathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in K18-hACE2 mice by Kotou Sangare, Shufeng Liu, Prabhuanand Selvaraj, Charles B. Stauft, Matthew F. Starost, Tony T. Wang

“…Interestingly, reduction of viral load is more pronounced in the brains than in the lungs. Subsequent analyses suggest that BA.1 E(T9I) and M(D3G/Q19E/A63T) substitutions result in less efficient packaging of virus-like particles. …”
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Effects of acupuncture at the Taichong (LIV3) and Hegu (LI4) points on functional connectivity with the retrosplenial cortex in patients with Alzheimer’s disease by Junkai Wang, Xinyue Bai, Xiaojun Chen, Shui Liu, Mengmeng Sun, Kuncheng Li, Yunsong Zheng, Zhiqun Wang

“…The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is one of the earliest brain regions affected in AD, and changes in its functional connectivity (FC) are reported to underlie disease-associated memory impairment. …”
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Kidney transplant utilising donors after circulatory death: The first report from the African continent by T du Toit, K Manning, L Bertels, G Hoffman, D Thomson, Z A Barday

“…DCD may present a unique opportunity to expand deceased donation throughout Africa, particularly in areas affected by a lack of brain death legislation and religious or cultural objections to donation after brain death. …”
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Multi-omics approaches to deciphering complex pathological mechanisms of migraine: a systematic review by Jiaojiao Liu, Qiaosheng Ren, Boxuan Du, Xian Liu, Yuqiu An, Peichi Zhang, Lexi Li, Zhenhong Liu, Zhenhong Liu, Kegang Cao, Kegang Cao

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Synaptic transistor implementing potentiation or depression via field distribution modulation of dual dielectric layers by single-polarity pulsed voltage stimuli by Jieun Kim, Jung Wook Lim, Chohyeon Park, Chaerin Yu, Jaehee Lee

“…Understanding and simulating the synaptic plasticity mechanisms of the human brain are crucial for advancing neuromorphic computers for artificial intelligence (AI) and humanoid applications. …”
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Post-stroke outcome prediction based on lesion-derived features by Maedeh Khalilian, Olivier Godefroy, Martine Roussel, Amir Mousavi, Ardalan Aarabi

“…We extracted four lesion-derived feature sets: lesion masks, probabilistic structural disconnection maps (pSDMs), structural and indirectly estimated functional connectivity strengths between brain regions, and topological properties of functional and structural brain networks to predict motor, executive, and processing speed deficits in 340 S patients, employing PCA-based ridge regression with leave-one-out cross validation.The findings revealed that both structural disconnection map patterns and lesion masks were strong predictors of functional deficits. …”
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Situating the salience and parietal memory networks in the context of multiple parallel distributed networks using precision functional mapping by Young Hye Kwon, Joseph J. Salvo, Nathan L. Anderson, Donnisa Edmonds, Ania M. Holubecki, Maya Lakshman, Kwangsun Yoo, B.T. Thomas Yeo, Kendrick Kay, Caterina Gratton, Rodrigo M. Braga

“…Summary: Brain networks serving higher cognitive functions are widely distributed across frontal and posterior association zones. …”
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CD2AP deficiency aggravates Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes and pathology through p38 MAPK activation by Yan-Yan Xue, Zhe-Sheng Zhang, Rong-Rong Lin, Hui-Fen Huang, Ke-Qing Zhu, Dian-Fu Chen, Zhi-Ying Wu, Qing-Qing Tao

“…Results CD2AP is widely expressed in various regions of the mouse brain, with predominant expression in neurons and vascular endothelial cells. …”
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Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: an etiologic study of 361 patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome by Linghui Zhu, Linghui Zhu, Yuan Xia, Yuan Xia, Hao Ding, Tong Zhang, Jun Li, Baomin Li, Baomin Li

“…The primary cause of the condition was linked to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), with structural brain abnormalities following closely. The predominant pathogenic genes identified were TSC2, NF1, SCN8A, and KCNQ2. …”
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Correlation of sarcopenia and depressive mood in older community dwellers: a cross-sectional observational study in China by Lei Chen, Yunlu Sheng, Hanmei Qi, Tingting Tang, Jing Yu, Shan Lv

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Reduced prefrontal hemodynamic responses measured using near-infrared spectroscopy in adults with autism spectrum disorder by Kohei Kamikawa, Kazuhiko Yamamuro, Kazuhiko Yamamuro, Ryo Mizui, Natsuko Kashida, Rio Ishida, Rio Ishida, Rio Ishida, Takashi Okada, Nakao Iwata, Manabu Makinodan, Manabu Makinodan, Manabu Makinodan

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Analysis of argument structure constructions in the large language model BERT by Pegah Ramezani, Pegah Ramezani, Achim Schilling, Achim Schilling, Patrick Krauss, Patrick Krauss

“…Understanding how language and linguistic constructions are processed in the brain is a fundamental question in cognitive computational neuroscience. …”
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Intravenous Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces the Number of Infiltrated Ly6C+ Cells but Enhances the Proportions Positive for BDNF, TNF-1α, and IL-1β in the Infarct... by Yunqian Guan, Xiaobo Li, Wenxiu Yu, Zhaohui Liang, Min Huang, Renchao Zhao, Chunsong Zhao, Yao Liu, Haiqiang Zou, Yanli Hao, Zhiguo Chen

“…Circulation-derived infiltrating cells in the brain were identified by Ly6C, a majority of which were monocytes/macrophages. …”
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