A phenotype-based AI pipeline outperforms human experts in differentially diagnosing rare diseases using EHRs by Xiaohao Mao, Yu Huang, Ye Jin, Lun Wang, Xuanzhong Chen, Honghong Liu, Xinglin Yang, Haopeng Xu, Xiaodong Luan, Ying Xiao, Siqin Feng, Jiahao Zhu, Xuegong Zhang, Rui Jiang, Shuyang Zhang, Ting Chen

“…To address these challenges, we introduce PhenoBrain, a fully automated artificial intelligence pipeline. …”
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Cell-specific transcriptional signatures of vascular cells in Alzheimer’s disease: perspectives, pathways, and therapeutic directions by Soumilee Chaudhuri, Minyoung Cho, Julia C. Stumpff, Paula J. Bice, Özkan İş, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Andrew J. Saykin, Kwangsik Nho

“…Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is marked by profound neurovascular dysfunction and significant cell-specific alterations in the brain vasculature. Recent advances in high throughput single-cell transcriptomics technology have enabled the study of the human brain vasculature at an unprecedented depth. …”
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The neural correlates of guilt highlight preclinical manifestations between bipolar and major depressive disorders by Yu-Chi Lo, Chenyi Chen, Yawei Cheng

“…The results of the multivariate pattern classification analysis showed that in the ambiguous scenarios, the accuracy of using brain activation patterns in the dmPFC, pgACC, and IPL to distinguish between participants with MDD and BD-I was 70.0 %, 71.5 %, and 68.7 %, respectively. …”
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The regulatory role of cystatin C in autophagy and neurodegeneration by T. A. Korolenko, A. B. Shintyapina, A. B. Pupyshev, A. A. Akopyan, G. S. Russkikh, M. A. Dikovskaya, V. A. Vavilin, E. L Zavjalov, M. A. Tikhonova, T. G. Amstislavskaya

“…In an experiment on C57Bl/6J mice, cystatin C concentration was significantly higher in brain tissue than in the liver and spleen: an indication of an important function of this cysteine protease inhibitor in the brain. …”
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Gut dysbiosis-induced vitamin B6 metabolic disorder contributes to chronic stress-related abnormal behaviors in a cortisol-independent manner by Wenxiang Qing, Huimin Chen, Xin Ma, Jie Chen, Yuan Le, Hui Chen, Jianhua Tong, Kaiming Duan, Daqing Ma, Wen Ouyang, Jianbin Tong

“…Chronic stress can result in various conditions, including psychological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and accelerated brain aging. Gut dysbiosis potentially contributes to stress-related brain disorders in individuals with chronic stress. …”
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Structured Dynamics in the Algorithmic Agent by Giulio Ruffini, Francesca Castaldo, Jakub Vohryzek

“…Our findings bridge perspectives from algorithmic information theory (Kolmogorov complexity, compressive modeling), symmetry (group theory), and dynamics (conservation laws, reduced manifolds), offering insights into the neural correlates of agenthood and structured experience in natural systems, as well as the design of artificial intelligence and computational models of the brain.…”
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The role of memory in affirming-the-consequent fallacy by Yoko Higuchi, Ethan Oblak, Hiroko Nakamura, Makiko Yamada, Kazuhisa Shibata

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Amyloid Imaging in Aging and Dementia: Testing the Amyloid Hypothesis In Vivo by G. D. Rabinovici, W. J. Jagust

“…PIB-PET provides us with a powerful tool to examine in vivo the relationship between amyloid deposition, clinical symptoms, and structural and functional brain changes in the continuum between normal aging and AD. …”
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Memory-Enhancing Activity of Palmatine in Mice Using Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze by Dinesh Dhingra, Varun Kumar

“…Effect of drugs on learning and memory of mice was evaluated using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was also estimated. …”
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Rasmussen’s Encephalitis: A Report of a Tunisian Pediatric Case and Literature Review by Hedia Klaa, Thouraya Ben Younes, Hanene Benrhouma, Sonia Nagi, Aida Rouissi, Ichraf Kraoua, Ilhem Ben Youssef-Turki

“…Fluctuation of lesions in brain imaging was reported in few cases. Herein, we report an additional pediatric case of Rasmussen encephalitis with fluctuating changes in brain MRI.…”
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Willing to wait: Anorexia nervosa symptomatology is associated with higher future orientation and reduced intertemporal discounting by Isabel Schuman, Jingyi Wang, Ian C. Ballard, Regina C. Lapate

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Effects of (±) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms by Una D. McCann, George A. Ricaurte

“…In particular, MDMA has been found to damage brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons in a variety of animal species, including nonhuman primates, with growing evidence that humans are also susceptible to MDMA-induced brain 5-HT neurotoxicity. 5-HT is an important modulator of sleep and circadian rhythms and, therefore, individuals who sustain MDMA-induced 5-HT neurotoxicity may be at risk for developing chronic abnormalities in sleep and circadian patterns. …”
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Surveillance, Phagocytosis, and Inflammation: How Never-Resting Microglia Influence Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Amanda Sierra, Sol Beccari, Irune Diaz-Aparicio, Juan M. Encinas, Samuel Comeau, Marie-Ève Tremblay

“…In the last few years, however, this classical view of microglia was challenged by a series of discoveries showing their active and positive contribution to normal brain functions. In light of these discoveries, surveillant microglia are now emerging as an important effector of cellular plasticity in the healthy brain, alongside astrocytes and other types of inflammatory cells. …”
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Comparison Of Bacillus anthracis Prepared Used Antigens As ‎Diagnostic kit Of Anthrax In Laboratoy Animals.‎ by Al- Jebouri A.J. ‎, Al- Khatib G.M.‎

“…    This study was concerned on the preparation of several antigens on different types of culture media like brain heart infusion, tryptic soy agar and broth. …”
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From Mechanisms to Medicine: Neurovascular Coupling in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Narrative Review by Lu Yang, Wenbo Zhao, Yuan Kan, Changhong Ren, Xunming Ji

“…Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to the process of local changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after neuronal activity, which ensures the timely and adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and substrates to the active regions of the brain. Recent clinical imaging and experimental technology advancements have deepened our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying NVC. …”
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A 54-Point Verbal-Performance IQ Discrepancy on the WISC-R: Cognitive Functioning of a Child from an Alternative School by D. Lapierre, C. M. J. Braun, L. Le Pailleur

“…Marked WISC-R verbal-performance discrepancy commonly leads to the assumption that such children have brain pathology or cognitive disorders. Children without brain dysfunction may also exhibit wide discrepancy, but a discrepancy score of 30 is assumed to occur in only 2% of the population. …”
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Ethical Implications in the Use of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga, Oscar González-Pérez, Ana Macías-Ornelas, Vivian Capilla-González, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa

“…Although this is an encouraging scenario, it implies that the human brain is the object of such study, as well as its potential manipulation and transplantation. …”
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A Successful Treatment of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy with Choroid Plexus Cauterization for Hydrocephalus in Walker-Warburg Syndrome by Tomoko Tanaka, Catharine J. Harris, Sarah S. Barnett, N. Scott Litofsky

“…Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophy with brain malformations and ocular abnormalities that falls under the wider phenotypic spectrum of the dystroglycanopathies. …”
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Acute particulate matter exposure diminishes executive cognitive functioning after four hours regardless of inhalation pathway by Thomas Faherty, Jane E. Raymond, Gordon McFiggans, Francis D. Pope

“…Abstract Recent evidence suggests short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution can impact brain function after a delay period. It is unknown whether effects are predominantly due to the olfactory or lung-brain pathways. …”
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Multimodal MRI Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Cognitive Normal Adults, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease by Ai-Ling Lin, Angela R. Laird, Peter T. Fox, Jia-Hong Gao

“…Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been developed to noninvasively measure structural, metabolic, hemodynamic and functional changes of the brain. These advantages have made MRI an important tool to investigate neurodegenerative disorders, including diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and treatment efficacy evaluation. …”
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