Idiopathic Harlequin Syndrome Manifesting during Exercise: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Hussein Algahtani, Bader Shirah, Raghad Algahtani, Abdulah Alkahtani

“…Medical or surgical treatments are not required for idiopathic Harlequin syndrome, but social and psychological factors may indicate sympathectomy or botulinum toxin injection. In this article, we report a case of idiopathic Harlequin syndrome and review the literature.…”
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Management of Graves’ upper eyelid retraction (GUER): A review by Akruti Desai, Pallavi Singh, Dan Rootman, Milind N. Naik

“…Additionally, advancements in non-invasive modalities, including botulinum toxin, triamcinolone acetate injections, and hyaluronic acid fillers are discussed in detail. …”
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Total Thickness Bilateral Rupture of the Rectus Abdominis: A Case Report and Literature Review by Dernas Suhail, Olivia Smith, Philip Lim, Srinivas Chintapatla

“…Our management involved injecting botulinum toxin into the rectus muscles preoperatively, reconstructing the rectus muscles, and placing a supportive biosynthetic mesh. …”
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Dry Needling and Antithrombotic Drugs by María Muñoz, Jan Dommerholt, Sara Pérez-Palomares, Pablo Herrero, Sandra Calvo

“…In addition, reviewing guidelines of other needling approaches, such as electromyography, acupuncture, botulinum toxin infiltration, and neck ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, may provide specific insights relevant for dry needling. …”
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Unusual Forehead Tremor in Four Patients with Essential Tremor by Jordi Gascón-Bayarri, Jaume Campdelacreu, Màtil Calopa, Serge Jaumà, Laura Bau, Mònica Povedano, Jordi Montero

“…Frontal tremor is present in some patients with essential tremor, sometimes preceding limb tremor. Treatment with botulinum toxin may be useful.…”
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Spinal Cord Injury and Bladder Dysfunction: New Ideas about an Old Problem by Célia Duarte Cruz, Francisco Cruz

“…We make a brief description of LUT control and changes occurring after SCI, and refer to new therapeutic options, including vanniloids and botulinum toxin. Finally, we discuss mechanisms of spinal cord repair, an interesting and very active area of investigation that has obtained some promising results in the recovery of LUT control.…”
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Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia in Adults: Is It Neurologic or Not? by Kadriye Erkan Turan, Tulay Kansu

“…Among patients, 3 were treated with prisms, 4 were treated with strabismus surgery, and 1 was treated with botulinum toxin injections; 1 patient declined treatment. …”
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Review of Interventional Therapies for Refractory Pediatric Migraine by Jacquelin Peck, Justin Zeien, Megha Patel, Elyse M. Cornett, Amnon A. Berger, Jamal Hasoon, Hisham Kassem, Jai Won Jung, Giovanni F. Ramírez, Paola Colon Fugueroa, Neil R. Singhal, Jaehong Song, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye, Sarang S. Koushik, Natalie H. Strand, Latha Ganti

“…In this population, adjunct therapies -- such as interventional techniques -- should be considered when traditional treatment fails, including Botulinum Toxin A (BTA) injections, peripheral nerve and ganglion blocks. …”
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Bioterrorism in Canada: An Economic Assessment of Prevention and Postattack Response by Ronald St John, Brian Finlay, Curtis Blair

“…Without the benefit of an effective consequence management program, predicted deaths totalled 32,875 from anthrax and 30,000 from botulinum toxin. Rapid implementation of a postattack prophylaxis program that includes the stockpiling of antibiotics, vaccines and antitoxins; training of first responders in the diagnosis, handling and treatment of pathogens; and the general enhancement of Canada's response capability would reduce both human and economic losses.…”
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Difficult to Treat Focal, Stiff Person Syndrome of the Left Upper Extremity by Nathan E. Esplin, John W. Stelzer, Timothy B. Legare, Sayed K. Ali

“…He was treated with plasmapheresis and maximum doses of medical treatment including botulinum toxin with only transient mild improvement in his symptoms. …”
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Effect of Sub-Eyebrow Small Incision Dissection of the Corrugator Supercilii Muscle Combined with Autologous Block Fat Transplantation for the Treatment of Severe Frown Lines by Tan S, Niu C, Zhang Y, Cao Z, Zhang S, Ren S, Lu X, Liu Y

“…Shenxing Tan,1,* Changying Niu,2,* Yiwu Zhang,3 Zhe Cao,4 Shan Zhang,1 Shanshan Ren,1 Xiaoshen Lu,1 Yuanyuan Liu1 1Department Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong second Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong second Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department Plastic Surgery, Shandong second Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Weifang People, Weifang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuanyuan Liu; Xiaoshen Lu, Email 898152261@qq.com; luxiaosheng2006@163.comObjective: To explore the clinical efficacy of small sub-eyebrow incision in severing the corrugator supercilii muscle combined with autologous block fat transplantation for treating severe frown lines.Methodology: Sixteen patients with severe frown lines admitted to our hospital who refused to receive repeated injections of botulinum toxin were selected for treatment through corrugator dissection combined with fat transplantation.Results: No patients had difficulty raising their eyebrows after surgery. …”
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Determining prognostic factors in the treatment of primary hemifacial spasm: Clinical outcomes and complications. A literature review by Juan Carlos Acevedo-González, Alex Taub-Krivoy, Julian Alfonso Sierra-Peña, Julian Geronimo Lizarazo

“…Results: Of 26 selected articles, those solely addressing PHFS treatment with botulinum toxin and lacking surgical procedure data were excluded. …”
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Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders in the context of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic by R. Kaladytė Lokominienė

“…., for adjusting or checking deep brain stimulation programming, battery failure, levodopa duodenal pump treatments, botulinum toxin therapy), and patients should be encouraged to use sports equipment available at home and /or play virtual reality games. …”
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A Research Synthesis of Therapeutic Interventions for Whiplash-Associated Disorder (WAD): Part 5 – Surgical and Injection-Based Interventions for Chronic WAD by Robert W Teasell, J Andrew McClure, David Walton, Jason Pretty, Katherine Salter, Matthew Meyer, Keith Sequeira, Barry Death

“…There is contradictory evidence regarding the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections, and cervical discectomy and fusion. …”
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Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease: Electromyographic Aspects and Implications for Rehabilitation by Giuseppe Frazzitta, Pietro Balbi, Francesco Gotti, Roberto Maestri, Annarita Sabetta, Luca Caremani, Laura Gobbi, Marina Capobianco, Rossana Bera, Nir Giladi, Davide Ferrazzoli

“…These results could have important implication to physiotherapy and the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of PS.…”
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Hydrolyzed Collagen from Salmon Skin Increases the Migration and Filopodia Formation of Skin Keratinocytes by Activation of FAK/Src Pathway by Wanwipha Woonnoi, Lalita Chotphruethipong, Supita Tanasawet, Soottawat Benjakul, Nuthathai Sutthiwong, Wanida Sukketsiri

“…Additionally, its molecular mechanism through cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) via focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-steroid receptor coactivator (Src) regulation and keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) markers were also evaluated. …”
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Diagnostics and Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, Russ... by V. T. Ivashkin, A. S. Trukhmanov, I. V. Maev, O. M. Drapkina, A. I. Martynov, O. A. Storonova, E. A. Godgello, M. P. Korolev, T. L. Lapina, P. V. Pavlov, A. V. Paraskevova, I. A. Tarasova, E. D. Fedorov, A. T. Tskhovrebov, M. P. Shapka, A. L. Shestakov, A. V. Yurasov

“…Treatment of achalasia can be pharmacological, endoscopic (pneumatic balloon dilation, peroral endoscopic myotomy, botulinum toxin injection), aimed at regulating the tone and motility of the esophagus and cardia while preserving all anatomical structures, and surgical (laparoscopic esophagocardiomyotomy, esophagectomy), in which the muscle fibers of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction are intersected or the altered esophagus is completely removed with simultaneous formation of an artificial esophagus from the stomach or colon (esophagoplasty).Conclusion. …”
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