Therapeutic proteins immunogenicity: a peptide point of view by Feliciana Real-Fernandez, Fosca Errante, Andrea Di Santo, Anna Maria Papini, Paolo Rovero

“…An overview on T-cell and B-cell peptide recognition is given, showing the growing potential and advantages of peptides when used in the field of refractoriness to drugs. …”
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Expansion of Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells in Children with Acute Henoch-Schönlein Purpura by Jue Xie, Yan Liu, Lei Wang, Guoxiang Ruan, Huiming Yuan, Hong Fang, Jianyong Wu, Dawei Cui

“…Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of interleukin- (IL-) 21, IL-6, and transcriptional factors (B-cell lymphoma-6, Bcl-6) were also significantly increased in peripheral blood from acute HSP children compared to HCs. …”
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Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with EP300 mutations displays distinct genetic characteristics relevant to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy by Yutian Lai, Yingxian Dong, Long Tian, Hongjun Li, Xinyi Ye, Yang Hu

“…The EP300-mutated poor response cases have significantly higher immune score than EP300 wild-type poor response cases (P = 0.002), but have no difference from EP300 wild-type well response cases (P = 0.360). Up-regulated B cell related pathways and more CD20 + B cells are in EP300-mutated poor response group, when compared with EP300 wild-type poor response group (P < 0.050). …”
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A Unique Case of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Masquerading as a Cecal Mass by Sarahi Herrera-Gonzalez, Dema Shamoon, Tingliang Shen, Simon Badin, Yatinder Bains

“…Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a type of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is a rare and aggressive disease with a poor prognosis due to its advanced presentation at diagnosis. …”
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Expression divergence of BAG gene family in maize under heat stress by Babar Farid, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Muhammad Hammad Nadeem Tahir, Rao Muhammad Ikram, Zulfiqar Ali, Waseem Akbar

“…Abstract Heat stress poses a significant challenge for maize production, especially during the spring when high temperatures disrupt cellular processes, impeding plant growth and development. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated athanogene (BAG) gene family is known to be relatively conserved across various species. …”
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The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? by Daniel S. Smyk, Athanasios Mavropoulos, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Diego Vergani, Marco Lenzi, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos

“…CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are regulators of immune responses and produce cytokines that may be proinflammatory (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) or anti-inflammatory (such as IL-4). iNKT cells also appear to play a role in B cell regulation and antibody production. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a derivative of the marine sponge, is a potent stimulator of iNKT cells and has been proposed as a therapeutic iNKT cell activator. …”
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Hypergammaglobulinemia in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A New Emerging Association by Martora F, Battista T, Giordano A, Potestio L, Megna M

“…Fabrizio Martora,&ast; Teresa Battista,&ast; Antonella Giordano, Luca Potestio, Matteo Megna Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fabrizio Martora, Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Napoli, 80131, Italy, Tel +39 - 081 – 7462457, Fax +39 - 081 – 7462442, Email fabriziomartora92@libero.itAbstract: Hypergammaglobulinemia is a sign of B cell and plasma cell hyperactivity marked by elevated levels of gamma globulins, proteins within the gamma fraction of serum electrophoresis, linked to diseases like acute hepatitis, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, autoimmune conditions, and neoplasms. …”
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Loss-of-function variant in MAGT1 leading to XMEN disease in a Colombian patient with a common variable immunodeficiency by Sebastián Gutiérrez-Hincapié, Julio César Orrego, José Luis Franco, Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas

“…Common variable immunodeficiency is a diagnosis of exclusion in immunodeficient patients with increased susceptibility to infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, deficient response to vaccination, or low percentages of switched memory B cells. In low- and middle-income countries, the elucidation and study of molecular defects in these patients may take decades. …”
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Dynamics and Half-Life of Cell-Free DNA After Exercise: Insights from a Fragment Size-Specific Measurement Approach by Ryutaro Yamamoto, Hiroshi Asano, Ryo Tamaki, Yoshihiro Saito, Ami Hosokawa, Hidemichi Watari, Takeshi Umazume

“…<b>Background:</b> Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in healthy individuals but is elevated in those undergoing physical exertion, trauma, sepsis, and certain cancers. …”
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes: Unveiling Potential Targets for Vaccine Development by Huixiong Deng, Yanlei Li, Gefei Wang, Rui Li

“…From a structural network degree perspective, no clear correlation was identified between B cell antibody epitopes and CD4⁺ T cell reactivity with the degree of residue network connectivity. …”
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Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cells, Follicular Regulatory CD4+ T Cells, and Inducible Costimulator and Their Roles in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Xue Zhang, Ruli Ge, Hongliang Chen, Maxwell Ahiafor, Bin Liu, Jinbo Chen, Xueli Fan

“…TFH cells mainly promote germinal center (GC) formation, provide help to B cells for immunoglobulin affinity maturation and class-switch recombination of B cells, and facilitate production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. …”
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Differential Regulation of NK Cell Receptors in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Le Jie Lee, Norfarazieda Hassan, Siti Zuleha Idris, Suresh Kumar Subbiah, Heng Fong Seow, Norhafizah Mohtaruddin, Kian Meng Chang, Raudhawati Osman, Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim, Sheila Nathan, Maha Abdullah

“…Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy mainly of B cell (B-ALL) and T cell (T-ALL) subtypes. Influence of ALL on NK cell is still unclear. …”
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Actinidia deliciosa as a complemental therapy against nephropathy and oxidative stress in diabetic rats by Ali Y. Naoom, Wenyi Kang, Nora F. Ghanem, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Fatma M. El-Demerdash

“…Moreover, STZ produced upregulation of inflammatory associated genes (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α and transforming growth factor β1; TGF-β1) and triggered apoptosis by upregulating apoptotic related gene [Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax)] and downregulating anti-apoptotic related gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) based on real-time PCR data. …”
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The clinical journey of belantamab mafodotin in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: lessons in drug development by Pralay Mukhopadhyay, Hesham A. Abdullah, Joanna B. Opalinska, Prani Paka, Eric Richards, Katja Weisel, Suzanne Trudel, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos, Sagar Lonial

“…Belantamab mafodotin, an anti–B-cell maturation antigen antibody-drug conjugate, was granted accelerated/conditional approval for patients with RRMM who have received at least 4 prior lines of therapy, based on response rates observed in DREAMM-1/DREAMM-2. …”
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Promiscuous Chemokine Antagonist (BKT130) Suppresses Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibition of Monocyte Recruitment by Shira Hagbi-Levi, Michal Abraham, Liran Tiosano, Batya Rinsky, Michelle Grunin, Orly Eizenberg, Amnon Peled, Itay Chowers

“…Quantification of CD11b+ cell in the CNV area was performed, and mRNA levels of genes implicated in CNV growth were measured in the retina and RPE-choroid. …”
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Combined Treatment with Antiviral Therapy and Rituximab in Patients with Mixed Cryoglobulinemia: Review of the Literature and Report of a Case Using Direct Antiviral Agents-Based A... by Teresa Urraro, Laura Gragnani, Alessia Piluso, Alessio Fabbrizzi, Monica Monti, Elisa Fognani, Barbara Boldrini, Jessica Ranieri, Anna Linda Zignego

“…Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is an autoimmune/B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, manifesting as a systemic vasculitis. …”
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Outpatient chemotherapy drug costs and expensive chemotherapy drug use in 340B and Non-340B hospitals: an observational study by Jianhui Hu, David R. Nerenz

“…Compared to the reference patients, patients who were treated in an NCI-designated cancer center or a hospital affiliated with such center, who had certain types of cancers (e.g., B-cell), or had advanced-stage disease had a higher chance to use expensive chemotherapy treatment; patients who were older, survived the first 12 months upon diagnosis, had advanced-stage disease, or had more drug claims had higher drug costs. …”
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Achieving chronic hepatitis B functional cure: Factors and potential mechanisms by Jiarui Zheng, Zilong Wang, Linxiang Huang, Zixuan Qiu, Yandi Xie, Suzhen Jiang, Bo Feng

“…The integration of HBV DNA into liver cells, persistence of HBV cccDNA, insufficient B cell responses and compromised T cell function pose significant barriers to HBV clearance. …”
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Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibition re-sensitizes multidrug-resistant DLBCL tumors driven by BCL10 gain-of-function mutants to venetoclax by Caroline A. Coughlin, Dhanvantri Chahar, Marianna Lekakis, Abdessamad A. Youssfi, Lingxiao Li, Evan Roberts, Natalia Campos Gallego, Claude-Henry Volmar, Ola Landgren, Shaun Brothers, Anthony J. Griswold, Catalina Amador, Daniel Bilbao, Francesco Maura, Jonathan H. Schatz

“…Abstract Disparate pathogenic mechanisms complicate precision-medicine efforts to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma diagnosis. …”
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Unveiling the Effect of Age and IgE Level on Alopecia Areata: Insights from Comparative RNAseq Analysis by Liu H, Yang S, Xian H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Xu Y, Liu J, Yang B, Luo Y

“…Compared to age-matched healthy controls, pediatric AA patients exhibited a significant increase in the infiltration of B cell subtypes, mast cells, and regulatory T cells. …”
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