Anti-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Functions of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives by Chenchen Shi, Haipeng Li, Yifu Yang, Lifei Hou

“…In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on recent advances of artemisinin derivatives affecting inflammation and autoimmunity, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and also drug development of artemisinins beyond antimalarial functions.…”
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IPEX as a Result of Mutations in FOXP3 by Hans J. J. van der Vliet, Edward E. Nieuwenhuis

“…Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene that result in the defective development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells which constitute an important T cell subset involved in immune homeostasis and protection against autoimmunity. Their deficiency is the hallmark of IPEX and leads to severe autoimmune phenomena including autoimmune enteropathy, dermatitis, thyroiditis, and type 1 diabetes, frequently resulting in death within the first 2 years of life. …”
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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways—Therapeutic Opportunities by Jiankun Zhu, Chandra Mohan

“…However, aberrant activation of TLR signaling has a significant impact on the onset of cancer, allergy, sepsis and autoimmunity. Various adaptor proteins, including MyD88, IRAKs, TIRAP, TRIF, and TRAM, are involved in specific TLR signaling pathways. …”
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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Participate in Preventing Graft Rejection by Yan Wang, Xiaodong Gu, Jianbin Xiang, Zongyou Chen

“…MDSCs accumulate during tumor progression, autoimmunity, chronic infection, transplantation, and other pathological conditions and can potently suppress T-cell function. …”
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The Role of MIF in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Yuriko I. Sánchez-Zamora, Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa

“…Autoimmunity and chronic low-grade inflammation are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus type one (T1DM) and type two (T2DM), respectively. …”
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Fractalkine and Other Chemokines in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis by Shinji Shimoda, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin

“…Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by the autoimmune injury of small intrahepatic bile duct. On this basis, it has been suggested that the targeted biliary epithelial cells (BEC) play an active role in the perpetuation of autoimmunity by attracting immune cells via chemokine secretion. …”
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Polyarteritis Nodosa Presenting as Digital Gangrene and Breast Lesion following Exposure to Silicone Breast Implants by Yamen Homsi, John Andrew Carlson, Samer Homsi

“…More robust research is needed to understand the connection between silicone breast implants and autoimmunity.…”
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Homeostatic T Cell Proliferation after Islet Transplantation by Paolo Monti, Lorenzo Piemonti

“…In this review, we will discuss how homeostatic T cell proliferation can support autoimmunity recurrence after islet transplantation and how it can be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.…”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an AIDS Patient with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Treatment Dilemma by Oluwadunni E. Emiloju, Sorab Gupta, Vivian Arguello-Guerra, Claudia Dourado

“…Genetic causes are responsible for primary hemophagocytosis, but malignancies, infections, and autoimmunity underlie most of the secondary cases. We present an unusual case of a patient with AIDS and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma who was commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but developed HLH secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). …”
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Induction of Immunological Tolerance by Oral Anti-CD3 by Andre Pires da Cunha, Howard L. Weiner

“…In recent years, our knowledge about immunoregulation and autoimmunity has significantly advanced, but nontoxic and more effective treatments for different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are still lacking. …”
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Immunopathological Basis of Virus-induced Myocarditis by Reinhard Maier, Philippe Krebs, Burkhard Ludewig

“…CVB3-induced acute myocarditis is most likely the consequence of direct virus-induced myocyte damage, whereas chronic CVB3 infection-associated heart disease is dominated by its immunopathological sequelae. Bona fide autoimmunity, for example, directed against cardiac myosin, may favor chronic destructive immune damage in the heart muscle and thereby promote the development of DCM. …”
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Proteomic and serologic assessments of responses to mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines in human recipient sera by Thomas E. Hickey, Uma Mudunuri, Heidi A. Hempel, Troy J. Kemp, Nancy V. Roche, Keyur Talsania, Brian A. Sellers, James M. Cherry, Ligia A. Pinto

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Modulation of Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis by Nitric Oxide and Antioxidants by Audrey Dooley, K. Richard Bruckdorfer, David J. Abraham

“…Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma: SSc) is a multisystem, connective tissue disease of unknown aetiology characterized by vascular dysfunction, autoimmunity, and enhanced fibroblast activity resulting in fibrosis of the skin, heart, and lungs, and ultimately internal organ failure, and death. …”
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Post-COVID-19 Dermatomyositis: A Delayed Reaction That Evades Early Detection by Nur Ili Syazwani MD HADIS, Siti Suhaila MOHD YUSOFF, Rosediani MUHAMAD, Fatin Hanani CHE JUHA

“…Viral infections may cause autoimmunity and trigger the pathogenesis of myositis. …”
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Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Treatment of SLE by Christopher G. Horton, Zi-jian Pan, A. Darise Farris

“…Genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphism analyses as well as experimental mouse models have provided evidence of TLR signaling involvement in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. Since activation of these receptor pathways promotes autoimmune phenotypes, inhibitory drugs that target these pathways constitute important new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of systemic autoimmunity.…”
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Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus by Muhammad U. Sohail, Asmaa Althani, Haseeb Anwar, Roberto Rizzi, Hany E. Marei

“…A change in microbial diversity, referred as microbial dysbiosis, alters the gut fermentation profile and intestinal wall integrity and causes metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, autoimmunity, and other affiliated metabolic disorders. …”
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Contribution of Regulatory T Cell Methylation Modifications to the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Diseases by Jiani Li, Jichao Sha, Liwei Sun, Dongdong Zhu, Cuida Meng

“…Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subtype of CD4+ T cells that play a significant role in the protection from autoimmunity and the maintenance of immune tolerance via immune regulation. …”
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Management of a Dog with Poorly Regulated Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Pancreatitis, and Suspected Atopy with Cyclosporine by Jörg M. Steiner, Brian J. Huber

“…This case report would suggest that further research into autoimmunity in dogs with chronic pancreatitis is warranted. …”
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Adalimumab (TNFα Inhibitor) Therapy Exacerbates IgA Glomerulonephritis Acute Renal Injury and Induces Lupus Autoantibodies in a Psoriasis Patient by S. S. Wei, R. Sinniah

“…Use of TNFα inhibitors is associated with the induction of autoimmunity (systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, and sarcoidosis or sarcoid-like granulomas) (Ramos-Casals et al. (2010)). …”
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When the Benign Pneumatosis Intestinalis Becomes No Longer Benign: A Rare Case of Bowel Perforation in a Patient with Systemic Sclerosis by Jian Guan, Alvina Munaf, Alric V. Simmonds, Irteza Inayat

“…Systemic sclerosis is a multisystem disease featured with autoimmunity and organ fibrosis. Although gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement is common in patients with systemic sclerosis, colonic perforation is extremely rare. …”
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