Range-Free Localization Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Bilateration by Chi-Chang Chen, Chi-Yu Chang, Yan-Nong Li

“…This study compares the proposed scheme with the well-known DV-Hop method. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the DV-Hop method in localization accuracy, communication cost, and computational complexity.…”
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An energy balance AODV protocol with multicast route discovery for wireless body area networks by Jin TAN, Yujuan ZHANG

“…In AODV protocol with the dynamic topology networks，the source node S requests a route to an arbitrary destination node D with flooding broadcast the RREQ message，but there is only one destination node sink in a WBAN，other nodes involved in receiving and forwarding RREQ have wasted energy except the nodes on minimum hop count routing.An energy balance AODV protocol with multicast route discovery for wireless body area networks was proposed，it increased the minimum hop count to sink hops，the next hop node to sink next and the node itself has the forwarding capability isforward three parameters in a hello message，and selects neighbors which could reach the sink only to participate in forwarding the RREQ message.This protocol effectively reduces the energy cost of the routing discovery through changing the broadcast to multicast，and prolongs the service life of WBAN with energy balance.The performance analysis and simulation experiment indicate that the proposed protocol is more advantaged than similar EAAODV in the number of RREQ，packet delivery ratio and energy consumption.…”
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Research on video streaming media cooperative downloading in vehicular ad hoc network by Liang CHEN, Jun WANG, Rong CHEN, Xiang GU, Jin WANG, Jie WAN

“…The same direction multi-hop downloading network flow model was proposed for vehicle communication range and channel competition under forwarding.According to the model and video streaming media characteristic,the same ＆amp; opposite direction cooperative downloading quality of service (SODCD-QoS) scheme was presented.First,the same direction vehicles helped the target vehicle to achieve multi-hop cooperative downloading.It can reduce the waste of time which the target vehicle has to wait for opposite direction cooperative vehicle.Secondly,the next base stations loaded data into eligible opposite direction vehicles according to vehicles option strategy based on time first or picture quality first.Then the opposite direction vehicles helped the target vehicle to achieve one-hop cooperative downloading.NS simulations show that the SODCD-QoS scheme is better than DSRelay and VCoDS algorithm in terms of download time.Further,the new scheme can maintain good picture quality PSNR.…”
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P-bRS: A Physarum-Based Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks by Mingchuan Zhang, Wangyang Wei, Ruijuan Zheng, Qingtao Wu

“…In P-bRS, a sensor node can choose the proper next hop by using SNH which comprehensively considers the distance, energy residue, and location of the next hop. …”
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Large Scale LEO Satellite Internet Routing Algorithm Based on Load Balancing by Yijie WANG, Wei ZHAO, Fei CHENG, Wen CHEN, Anjie CAO

“…The expanding market demand has set off an upsurge of large-scale LEO constellation deployment.With the characteristics of large bandwidth, low delay and continuous coverage, it provides broadband internet services for users all over the world.Aiming at the problem of congestion and packet loss caused by uneven network load, an adaptive large-scale LEO inter satellite routing algorithm based on load balancing was proposed.The algorithm divided the direction and level of candidate satellites according to the information obtained from small area detection, calculated the weight value according to diff erent partition results, and selected the next hop node with the highest level and the lowest weight value, carry out the same steps hop by hop until the data reaches the destination satellite node, fi nally formed a low delay path to realized low packet loss rate data transmission in the whole network.Through the simulation experiment, compared with the classical algorithm and the existing large-scale LEO satellite routing algorithm, the routing algorithm could eff ectively improved the routing performance of LEO large-scale satellite communication network and provided high-quality services for users.…”
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Multi-access edge computing offloading in maritime monitoring sensor networks by Xin SU, Ziyi WANG, Yupeng WANG, Siyuan ZHOU

“…Multi-access edge computing can effectively guarantee the low-latency, high-reliability data transmission of ocean monitoring sensor networks and various related maritime applications.In the offshore scenario, two offloading models of multi-user single-hop unicast and multi-user multi-hop unicast were established in combination with the distribution of edge computing resources.The mixed integer nonlinear programming was used to separate optimization targets and effectively allocate transmission power.The unloading decisions were made by improving the traditional artificial fish swarms algorithm.The results show that the proposed optimization algorithm can reduce the network delay by nearly 19% compared with the traditional scheme.In the far-sea scenario, a multi-user single-hop unicast offloading model was established, and a reasonable channel allocation algorithm was proposed based on the network connection probability.The results show that when the network connection time is sufficient, the number of allowable sub-channels can be increased to reduce the network delay.When the network connection time is limited, the number of unloaded marine user equipment can be controlled to ensure the network transmission delay.…”
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A Splay Tree-Based Approach for Efficient Resource Location in P2P Networks by Wei Zhou, Zilong Tan, Shaowen Yao, Shipu Wang

“…In addition, we theoretically analyze the hop reducing in SChord and derive the fact that SChord can significantly reduce the routing hops as compared to Chord. …”
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Node adaptive sleeping mechanism of DCF protocol in ad hoc networks by LEI Lei, XU Zong-ze, LIU Xu

“…To overcome these shortcomings, a node adaptive sleeping mechanism （NASM） of DCF protocol was presented which can be used on both single-hop and multi-hop ad hoc networks. This sleeping mechanism does not rely on the PA/RT strategy, and permits the node to adaptively adjust the length of sleeping time according to the communication status of the nodes. …”
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Tumor Location Correlates with Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of the Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm by Zibo Meng, Mingsi Cao, Feiyang Wang, Yushun Zhang, Heshui Wu

“…Operation methods and age were different between HOP and OOP groups. Compared to OOP group, patients in HOP group were younger. …”
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3D-RABLC:a novel refinement algorithm based on LQI confidence for three-dimensional localization by Jian SHU, Lin-lan LIU, Yu-bin CHEN, Jia-jie GONG

“…A novel refinement algorithm based on LQI confidence for three-dimensional localization (3D-RABLC)was proposed.LQI confidence was obtained in terms of the relationships between RSSI and one hop distance,LQI and packet error rate(PER),which derived from experimental data.The measured RSSI was filtered by LQI confidence.Moreover,the RSSI with lower confidence was modified by a three-dimensional multi-hop model or a compensating refinement method.The experiment results show that the algorithm reduces the RSSI range error,and improves the accuracy of three-dimensional localization significantly.…”
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A Hybrid Algorithm of GA + Simplex Method in the WSN Localization by Feng Wang, Cong Wang, ZiZhong Wang, Xue-ying Zhang

“…The weighted DV-Hop position algorithm was applied to estimate the distance between the unknown node and the anchor node in the first and second phase. …”
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Address overloading-based packet forwarding verification in SDN by Ping WU, Chaowen CHANG, Zhibin ZUO, Yingying MA

“…Aiming at the problem that the most existing forwarding verification mechanisms in software-defined network (SDN) verified packets hop-by-hop by incorporating new secure communication protocols, which incurred significant computation and communication overhead, an address overloading-based forwarding verification mechanism was proposed.The flow runtime was divided into consecutive random intervals by the ingress switch via overloading address fields of packet, basing on overloading address, packets were forwarded by each subsequent switch, and the controller sampled the packets forwarded by ingress and egress switch in the interval to detect abnormal behavior on the path.Finally, the proposed mechanism and simulation network was implemented and evaluated.Experiments show that the mechanism achieves efficient forwarding and effective anomaly detection with less than 8% of additional forwarding delays.…”
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Tracing IP-spoofed packets in software defined network by Songjie WEI, Xin SUN, Rudong ZHAO, Chao WU

“…IP packets back tracing is to find the source host hop by hop from the destination.The method found the forwarding path of target packets and source host by adding probe entry into flow tables on SDN switches and analyzing the effective back tracing Packet-in messages sent by related switches.The proposed scheme can provide convenience for debugging network problems ,so that the network administrator can obtain the forwarding paths of any data packets.Furthermore,it can help to solve the problem of IP spoofing.Experimental results prove that the traceability method can find the forwarding paths of target packets in a timely and accurate manner without affecting other traffic or significant system overhead.…”
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Uneven clustering routing protocol based on dynamic partition for wireless sensor network by Yan-qing SUN, Jian PENG, Tang LIU, Xiao-hai CHEN

“…To solve the “hot spots” problem caused by uneven load energy,a novel distributed clustering routing protocol was proposed.Its core is an uneven clustering routing protocol based on dynamic partition(UCDP).In UCDP,the entire network’s energy consumption is balanced by dynamic partitioning,making the regions closer to the sink node with smaller nodes,which can preserve some energy for inter-region data forwarding.Considering the distance factor and residual energy factor for uneven clustering in each region,cluster-heads and region-heads work together in UCDP.Via the combination of single-hop and multi-hop,DBUP has established an optimal energy-balanced routing protocol.Simulation results show that UCDP has good stability,and significantly prolongs the network life.…”
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Functional Performance and Tendon Morphology After Operative or Nonoperative Treatment of Achilles Tendon Ruptures by Sophie Zhu, Josh Garofalo, Monther Abuhantash, Sheila McRae, Peter MacDonald, Rob Longstaffe, Dan Ogborn

“…# Background While controversy remains as to the relative benefit of operative (OM) versus non-operative management (NOM) of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures (ATR), few studies have examined the effect on high impact maneuvers such as jumping and hopping. # Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if functional performance including strength, jumping, and hopping outcomes differed between OM and NOM of acute ATR. …”
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Does the Direction of Kinesiology Tape Application Influence Muscle Activation in Asymptomatic Individuals? by Michelle Dolphin, Gary Brooks, Blair Calancie, Adam Rufa

“…The outcome measures included EMG, isokinetic strength, and functional hop and jump performance. # Study Design Double-blind Crossover study # Methods A total of fifteen asymptomatic participants (10 females and 5 males) completed the study. …”
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Does the 2D Frontal Plane Projection Angle Predict Frontal Plane Knee Moments during Stepping, Landing, and Change of Direction Tasks? by Rachel K Straub, Christopher M Powers

“… # Results The FPPA was found to significantly predict the peak frontal plane knee moment for two tasks (deceleration and side-step-cut, R^2^ = 12% to 25%), average frontal plane knee moment for five tasks (drop jump, shuffle, deceleration, triple hop, side-step-cut, R^2^ = 15% to 40%), and frontal plane knee moment at peak knee flexion for five tasks (drop jump, shuffle, deceleration, triple hop, side-step-cut, R2 = 16% to 45%)…”
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Impact of Osmotic Distillation on the Sensory Properties and Quality of Low Alcohol Beer by Liguori Loredana, De Francesco Giovanni, Albanese Donatella, Mincione Antonio, Perretti Giuseppe, Di Matteo Marisa, Russo Paola

“…The sensory analysis highlighted differences among low alcohol beer and original one. The addition of hop extract and pectin solution to LAB better maintained hop and fruity-citrus notes during tasting, compared with the original beer.…”
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Energy Detection in Multihop Cooperative Diversity Networks: An Analytical Study by M. O. Mughal, L. Marcenaro, C. S. Regazzoni

“…In particular, upper bound average detection probability expressions are obtained for three scenarios: (i) multihop cooperative relay communication; (ii) multi-hop cooperative relay communication with direct link and maximum ratio combiner (MRC) at destination; and (iii) multi-hop cooperative relay communication with direct link and selection combiner (SC) at destination. …”
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A Scalable MAC Protocol Supporting Simple Multimedia Traffic QoS in WSNs by JeongSeok On, HahnEarl Jeon, Jaiyong Lee

“…And if there are the some link failures in multi-hop transmission, the protocol can recover the links quickly. …”
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