THE TRANSFORMATION PERIODS IN THE RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS (1991-2016) by D. G. Bdoyan

“…Nevertheless, shortly thereafter disagreements concerning the events in the Middle East, with the beginning of the «Arab Spring» began to have a negative impact on the bilateral relations. …”
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Les mécanismes législatifs de l’autoritarisme algérien face au hirak : entre répression de la mobilisation et prévention de toute organisation du mouvement by Massensen Cherbi

“…To repress the mobilization of this peaceful “Movement” and prevent its structuration, the authorities already had at their disposal a wide range of repressive provisions restricting rights and freedoms – a legacy of the colonial era, the single party, the Black Decade and the containment of the Arab Springs. To respond to the specificities of the hirak, this arsenal was reinforced, as soon the confinement that followed the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic was announced, with the promulgation of new laws targeting “passive solidarity crime” and discourse of hatred or “fake news”. …”
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Évolution des registres de l’action, de la ruse à la mobilisation de la notion « droit » par les habitants des bidonvilles au Maroc by Habiba Essahel

“…Indeed, the urban riots that characterized the 1980s and 1990s, as a time of social protest and beginning of new premises in urban policies, gave way to claims made along more legal lines; the idea of rights has been “emerging” as a major reference from the late 1990s until present days in the particular context of the Arab Springs. This angle represents an innovative approach to the subject of Moroccan slums, which is, incidentally, widely documented by social scientists and urban researchers.…”
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