The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation by Kadiyala V. Ravindra, Hong Xu, Larry D. Bozulic, David D. Song, Suzanne T. Ildstad

“…Successful hand and face transplantation in the last decade has firmly established the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). The experience in VCA has thus far been very similar to solid organ transplantation in terms of the morbidity associated with long-term immunosuppression. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Immunomodulators in a Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation by Yur-Ren Kuo, Chien-Chang Chen, Shigeru Goto, Pao-Yuan Lin, Fu-Chan Wei, Chao-Long Chen

“…Vascularized composite allotransplantations (VCAs) are not routinely performed for tissue reconstruction because of the potentially harmful adverse effects associated with lifelong administration of immunosuppressive agents. …”
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Site-Specific Immunosuppression in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Prospects and Potential by Jonas T. Schnider, Matthias Weinstock, Jan A. Plock, Mario G. Solari, Raman Venkataramanan, Xin Xiao Zheng, Vijay S. Gorantla

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Review of the Early Diagnoses and Assessment of Rejection in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation by Ravi Starzl, Gerald Brandacher, W. P. Andrew Lee, Jaime Carbonell, Wensheng Zhang, Jonas Schnider, Vijay Gorantla, Stefan Schneeberger, Xin Xiao Zheng

“…The emerging field of vascular composite allotransplantation (VCA) has become a clinical reality. …”
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Emerging Implications for Extracellular Matrix-Based Technologies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation by Ricardo Londono, Vijay S. Gorantla, Stephen F. Badylak

“…Despite recent progress in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), limitations including complex, high dose immunosuppression regimens, lifelong risk of toxicity from immunosuppressants, acute and most critically chronic graft rejection, and suboptimal nerve regeneration remain particularly challenging obstacles restricting clinical progress. …”
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Mechanisms and Mediators of Inflammation: Potential Models for Skin Rejection and Targeted Therapy in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation by Theresa Hautz, Dolores Wolfram, Johanna Grahammer, Ravi Starzl, Christoph Krapf, Johann Pratschke, W. P. Andrew Lee, Gerald Brandacher, Stefan Schneeberger

“…Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an effective treatment option for patients suffering from limb loss or severe disfigurement. …”
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The Role of Imaging in Patient Selection, Preoperative Planning, and Postoperative Monitoring in Human Upper Extremity Allotransplantation by Eira S. Roth, David G. Buck, Vijay S. Gorantla, Joseph E. Losee, Daniel E. Foust, Cynthia A. Britton

“…To describe the role of imaging in vascular composite allotransplantation based on one institution’s experience with upper extremity allotransplant patients. …”
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Multi-Center Outcome Analysis of 16 Face Transplantations – A Retrospective OPTN Study by Leonard Knoedler, Thomas Schaschinger, Tobias Niederegger, Gabriel Hundeshagen, Gabriel Hundeshagen, Adriana C. Panayi, Curtis L. Cetrulo, Maxime Jeljeli, Elena Hofmann, Max Heiland, Steffen Koerdt, Alexandre G. Lellouch, Alexandre G. Lellouch, Alexandre G. Lellouch

Subjects: “…vascularized composite allotransplantation…”
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Immune responses in rodent whole eye transplantation: elucidation and preliminary investigations into rejection diagnosis and monitoring by Bing Li, Yong Wang, Charles R. Owens, Touka Banaee, Charleen T. Chu, Kayvon Jabbari, Anna D. Lee, Neil J. Khatter, Alan G. Palestine, An-Jey A. Su, Christene A. Huang, Kia M. Washington

Subjects: “…vascularized composite allotransplantation…”
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Absence of Rejection in a Facial Allograft Recipient with a Positive Flow Crossmatch 24 Months after Induction with Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin and Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody by Bruce E. Gelb, J. Rodrigo Diaz-Siso, Natalie M. Plana, Adam Jacoby, William J. Rifkin, Kimberly S. Khouri, Daniel J. Ceradini, Eduardo D. Rodriguez

“…A 41-year-old male with severe disfigurement from facial burns consented to facial allotransplantation in 2014; panel reactive antibody score was 0%. …”
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Cryptococcal cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection treated with fluconazole by Daniel Eymard, François Lebel

“…A 37-year-old woman with a cadaveric renal allotransplantation required intra-cranial shunting devices after a presumptive episode of tuberculous meningitis. …”
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Regulatory Immunotherapy in Bone Marrow Transplantation by Vanessa Morales-Tirado, Wioleta Luszczek, Marié van der Merwe, Asha Pillai

“…The immunobiology of allotransplantation is an area of ongoing discovery, from the recipient's conditioning treatment prior to the transplant to the donor cell populations responsible for engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and graft-versus-tumor effect. …”
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Autoimmune Hepatitis—Immunologically Triggered Liver Pathogenesis—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies by Elisabeth Sucher, Robert Sucher, Tanja Gradistanac, Gerald Brandacher, Stefan Schneeberger, Thomas Berg

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Current Status of the Immunomodulation and Immunomediated Therapeutic Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis by Shyi-Jou Chen, Yen-Ling Wang, Hueng-Chuen Fan, Wen-Tsung Lo, Chih-Chien Wang, Huey-Kang Sytwu

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Self-Centered Function of Adaptive Immunity in Regulation of Immune Responses and in Tolerance by Silvana Balzar

“…Described are clinically identified conditions for operational tolerance of MHC-disparate tissues/living systems in allotransplantation, which are in line with the CDR-proposed self-centered regulatory role of T/B cells. …”
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Deceased Donor Renal Transplantation Combined with Bilateral Nephrectomy in a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis and Renal Failure by R. Novotny, J. Chlupac, T. Marada, S. Bloudickova-Rajnochova, H. Vavrinova, L. Janousek, J. Fronek

“…Based on the “kidney transplant waiting list” order patient underwent a bilateral nephrectomy combined with transperitoneal renal allotransplantation of a cadaverous kidney graft through midline laparotomy, appendectomy, and cholecystectomy. …”
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Morphological aspects of cell-based reconstruction of rectal mucosa at surgical treatment of familial adenomatosis coli by Ye. A. Kogan, D. V. Vyshegorodtsev, N. M. Faizullina, T. A. Demura, A. M. Kuzminov, Yu. A. Shelygin, G. T. Sukhikh

“…For reconstruction of mucosa of the rectum cell-based allotransplantation was applied. Morphological mechanisms of mucosal reparation were investigated in 34 FAC patients (main and control groups).Results. …”
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Transplant Tolerance: New Insights and Strategies for Long-Term Allograft Acceptance by Paulina Ruiz, Paula Maldonado, Yessia Hidalgo, Alejandra Gleisner, Daniela Sauma, Cinthia Silva, Juan Jose Saez, Sarah Nuñez, Mario Rosemblatt, Maria Rosa Bono

“…To solve this setback in allotransplantation, researchers have focused on manipulating the immune response in order to create a state of tolerance rather than unspecific immunosuppression. …”
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Computational pathology assessments of cardiac stromal remodeling: Clinical correlates and prognostic implications in heart transplantation by Eliot G. Peyster, MD, MSc, Cai Yuan, PhD, Sara Arabyarmohammadi, PhD, Priti Lal, MD, Michael D. Feldman, MD, PhD, Pingfu Fu, PhD, Kenneth B. Margulies, MD, MS, Anant Madabhushi, PhD, FAIMBE, FIEEE, FNAI

“…Background: The hostile immune environment created by allotransplantation can accelerate pathologic tissue remodeling. …”
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Contextual Vulnerability Should Guide Fair Subject Selection in Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials by Gianna Strand

“…Enrolling research subjects subjectively excluded from allotransplantation into xenotransplant research is not a mechanism of fair access but rather an exploitation of an unjustly option-constrained vulnerable group by the clinical transplant system. …”
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