Controls on coastal saline groundwater across North America by Daniel V Kretschmer, Holly A Michael, Nils Moosdorf, Gualbert H P Oude Essink, Marc F P Bierkens, Thorsten Wagener, Robert Reinecke

“…The simulation results suggest that under a steady climate and pre-development conditions (i.e. steady 30-year mean groundwater recharge, no withdrawals nor sea level rise) saline groundwater is present in 18.6% of North America’s coastal zone, defined as up to 100 km inland and up to 100 m above mean sea level. We find that the coastal zone is particularly vulnerable to containing saline groundwater at low hydraulic gradients (<10 ^−4 ) and large hydraulic conductivities (>10 ^−2 m d ^−1 ). …”
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