Digital radio over fiber transmission technique for millimeter-wave radio access network by Jia YE, Jianwei LUO, Yi GUO, Wei PAN

“…As the air interface standard of 5G confirms the millimeter wave as one important frequency band for the signal carrier,millimeter-wave communication is considered as the key technique to improve the transmission performance of the mobile communication system.Firstly,the digital radio over fiber (DRoF) link in 5G application was introduced.Then,the different quantization coding algorithms applied in DRoF system were compared and summarized.In order to provide reference for the construction of millimeter-wave radio access network,the important performance indexes such as the error vector amplitude (EVM),system complexity and spectrum utilization were analyzed.…”
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Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Liquid Strain of a Unique Low-temperature Straw Mushroom (Volvariella brumalis) in China by Xue XIONG, Peng LI, Zhun XIANG, Jing HUANG

“…Suitable carbon sources (glucose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (fermented soybean meal powder, fermented corn pulp) were selected to establish L9 (34) orthogonal table for four-factor and three-level orthogonal tests to obtain the optimal formula for fermentation culture: glucose 20.0 g, fructose 10.0 g, fermented soybean meal powder 2.5 g, fermented corn syrup 2.5 g, KH2PO4 1 g, K2HPO4 0.5 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g, vitamin B1 10 mg, pH of 6-7, H2O 1000 mL. …”
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The clinical role of blood coagulation and platelet receptors gene allelic variants in development of Wilson’s disease by T. P. Rozina, S. V. Fastovets, E. E. Starostina, L. M. Samokhodskaya, T. N. Krasnova

“…Carriage of mutant genotypes FII 20210 G/A, FV 1691G/A, PAI-675 5G/4G, ITGA2 807 C/T is the factor associated to the presence of neurological symptoms at Wilson's disease.…”
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Research on Grid Scroll Chaotic Extended Sequence Algorithm and Its Circuit Implementation for F-OFDM System by Yingjie Ma, Ya Li, Geng Zhao, Ping Zeng, Yatao Yang

“…High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), a main problem of 5G Filtered-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM) system, seriously affects the system’s transmission efficiency. …”
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Novel techniques for efficient PAPR reduction in NOMA systems for future wireless networks by Inam Abousaber, Amira A. Mohamed, Haitham F. Abdallah

“…Fifth-generation (5G) networks are designed to overcome critical challenges, including achieving high data rates, supporting massive device connectivity, and ensuring low latency. …”
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Research on 5GtoB customized network based data offloading scheme by Yaping CAO, Ying SUN, Huixiao ZHANG

“…With the continuous evolution of 5G network, 5GtoB solution for industrial users is also more flexible.Data offloading can well meet the urgent needs of customers for data not leaving the park, local unloading, local support, low delay and so on.The demand background of data offloading capability in 5G network and the relevant principles of diversion technology were introduced.At the same time, combined with the actual deployment of operators' existing network, the application scenarios and technical implementation of two kinds of data offloading schemes based on multi data network name (DNN) and uplink classifier (UL CL) were expounded, and the advantages and limitations of different schemes were compared and analyzed.Finally, the feasibility of the scheme was verified by an actual case.…”
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Performance comparison of systematic polar code and non-systematic polar code by Hui LI, Ming YE, Qiang TONG, Jie CHENG, Lijie WANG

“…Polar code in channel coding schemes is a research hotspot in 5G communication field.Polar code is susceptible to error propagation under successive cancellation decoding,and the performance of the code at short and medium block lengths is not ideal.For the problems,the performance difference between systematic polar code and non-systematic polar code was studied under various simulation conditions.Simulation results demonstrate that systematic polar code has advantage over non-systematic polar code in bit error rate performance,and the former are more robust against error propagation than the latter under successive cancellation decoding.The above results are considerable importance from the theoretical values in 5G communication and performance optimization of polar code.…”
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Requirement and challenge of holographic-type communication to the future network by Xiaozhi YUAN, Li PENG, Linfeng ZHANG

“…With the acceleration of 5G global commercial deployment process,various emerging immersive network applications represented by holographic communication have put forward significant requirements and tests on the structure and capability of the existing network architecture.The wide application of holographic communication services in many fields was introduced,and the current situation was analyzed that 5G network can not meet the rapid development needs of holographic immersion applications.The performance requirements of holographic communication applications in bandwidth,delay,computing power,synchronization,quality of service,reliability,security and other aspects of the future network performance were analyzed.The application scenarios and key technologies of holographic communication were summarized.Through the investigation and analysis of the possible evolution routes of the future network,the direction of the future network evolution and development was pointed out.…”
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Study on digital twins in network lifecycle management by Da WANG, Tao SUN, Xiaowen SUN, Jianchao GUO, Jie SUN, Guo CHEN, Aidong YANG, Ye OUYANG

“…As consumers’ demands for mobile services have become more abundant and diversified, the architecture and functions of mobile network have become more complex.With the development of 5G technology, 5G mobile network could realize on-demand orchestration and flexible exposure of network capabilities, which made higher requirements for network lifecycle management.Digital twins technology could be used to assist the network lifecycle management, so as to improve the network management quality, reduce network risks and costs, and achieve the visual perception and the real-time closed-loop control.The network digital twin platform and application cases show that the proposed network digital twins platform can realize visual monitoring and analysis of mobile network operation key performance indicators and quickly diagnosis of network faults.…”
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6G: typical applications, key technologies and challenges by Ning LUAN, Ke XIONG, Yu ZHANG, Ruisi HE, Gang QU, Bo AI

“…2020 marked the first year of the era of 5G commercialization in China and the inception of worldwide research in 6G.Compared with 5G networks, 6G networks will have larger information capacity, higher transmission rate, lower transmission delay, larger number of connected devices, higher spectrum efficiency, higher energy efficiency, and can support applications with higher mobile speed.Therefore, 6G networks will involve many new key technologies and also face many challenges.The background, development, typical applications, performance indicators, network architecture, key technologies and future challenges of 6G were systematically reviewed, which are expected to provide some reference for future 6G networks related research.…”
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Service-based network as a platform: research on a new information communication network architecture by Xiaoyun WANG, Xiaodong DUAN, Tao SUN

“…The deployment of 5G enables the network to expand from serving individuals to the industry.The evolution of mobile communication system was analyzed, and a new architecture development direction-service-based network as a platform was proposed.Facing the fundamental challenge of diversified requirements of industrial scenarios, the new architecture employed “platform” to address the generalization and scalability obstacles, and employed “service” to address heterogeneous characteristics of the network.The network service level assurance could also be guaranteed.The definition, overall architecture and mathematical model of “service-based network as a platform” were given.Based on the innovative practice of 5G service-based architecture (SBA) design, the principles of service design were proposed, and then the hierarchical design ideas were given.…”
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Thinking of native artificial intelligence in 6G networks by Qin LI, Weiyuan LI, Xiaowen SUN, Yushuang HU, Tao SUN

“…Facing the 6G era, the network will usher in new application scenarios and new performance requirements.Diversified application and communication scenarios, extremely heterogeneous communication networks, and extreme performance service requirements will all put forward higher requirements for mobile communication networks.On the basis of summarizing network intelligence in 5G and 5G-Advanced networks, the definition of intelligent-endogenesisin 6G networks and four major characteristics of 6G network architecture for intelligent-endogenesis were proposed, and the potential key technologies of intelligent-endogenesisin 6G network was analyzed, and finally combined with two application scenarios to further explore the concept of network architecture for intelligent-endogenesis.…”
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Estimation of Optimal and Maximum Standardized Ileal Digestible Methionine Requirements Based on Performance for Male Broilers Aged 0 to 21 Days by Su-Hyun An, Changsu Kong

“…The experimental diets were formulated with corn, soybean meal, and synthetic amino acids to achieve varying SID Met levels (3.8 to 5.8 g/kg in experiment 1 and 3.0 to 5.5 g/kg in experiment 2), with increments of 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg. …”
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Small Bowel in Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Osman Ahmed, David Mario Rodrigues, Geoffrey C. Nguyen

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Response of Dry Bean to Sulfentrazone Plus Imazethapyr by Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H. Sikkema

“…Based on these results, there is potential for preemergence application of sulfentrazone at rates up to 140 g ai/ha alone or in combination with imazethapyr at 37.5 g ai/ha in black, cranberry, kidney and white bean.…”
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Synergistic effects of Vachellia nilotica-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles and melatonin on drought tolerance in Fragaria × ananassa by Tauseef Anwar, Alia Safdar, Huma Qureshi, Ejaz Hussain Siddiqi, Naimat Ullah, Muhammad Tahir Naseem, Walid Soufan

“…Seven treatments were evaluated: T1 (no stress, 0.5 g/L ZnO NPs + 0.1 g/L MT), T2 (no stress, 0.5 g/L ZnO NPs), T3 (no stress, 0.1 g/L MT), T4 (drought stress, no application), T5 (drought stress, 0.5 g/L ZnO NPs + 0.1 g/L MT), T6 (drought stress, 0.5 g/L ZnO NPs), and T7 (drought stress, 0.1 g/L MT). …”
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A Case Report and Genetic Characterization of a Massive Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid with Delayed Distant Metastases by Anthony C. Nichols, Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue, John Yoo, Sumit K. Agrawal, Maud H. W. Starmans, Daryl Waggott, Nicholas J. Harding, Samuel A. Dowthwaite, David A. Palma, Kevin Fung, Bret Wehrli, S. Danielle MacNeil, Philippe Lambin, Eric Winquist, James Koropatnick, Joe S. Mymryk, Paul C. Boutros, John W. Barrett

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Research on characteristic model-based atmospheric duct interference control in TDD wireless communication system by Xiaoyun WANG, Wei DENG, Long ZHANG, Xin SU, Shizhuo ZHAO

“…Atmospheric duct interference is a seriousinternal interference of large-scale TDD wireless communication system according to specific meteorological conditions.The causes and classification of the atmospheric duct interference were analyzed firstly.Then a typical quantitative interference signal propagation model of inland and sea atmospheric duct were proposed and the power characteristics of massive interference sources in time domain and frequency domain were verified.The feature of the proposed model is based on a large number of data in real 4G/5G network environment, which is of great significance for the prediction and cancellation of atmospheric duct interference.Finally, four design principles were proposed for the frame structure and networking in TDD system to control atmospheric duct interference based on the characteristics of the proposed model.The verification in 5G network shows that the uplink interference drops more than 10 dB by the proposed interference control principles.It will also be instructive for the design of 6G system.…”
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New Developments in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Inflammation by Nades Palaniyar, Marcus A. Mall, Christian Taube, Stefan Worgall, Hartmut Grasemann

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Study on the architecture enhancement and migration for the next generation of the multimedia real time communication system by Yi JIANG, Yue ZHOU, Xueqian BAI, Bin WU, Chen LIU, Jianyin ZHANG

“…With the development of 5G and 5G-Advanced network, multimedia real time communications were migrating towards the trends of super high definition, enhanced interaction, immersion and openness, which requires enhancements on the architecture and capability of legacy IMS based multimedia real time communication system.The enhancement technologies of the multimedia real time communication system was studied and accordingly was proposed.By defining an“IMS network” based interactive data channel, a service-based unified media control architecture and procedures of third party identity on top of IMS network were proposed, to better fulfill the diverse and immersive service experiences for personal and vertical users.A new design of the real time communication system architecture was proposed, which enabled simpler, more flexible and more open mechanisms of the session control, session routing, media management, service invoking and combination.…”
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