Financiación de la innovación en Colombia by Bernardo Barona-Zuluaga, Jorge Alberto Rivera-Godoy, Carlos Iván Aguilera-Cifuentes, Paula Andrea Garizado-Román

“…A partir de la teoría económica sobre la financiación empresarial se realiza un análisis econométrico de la información sobre financiación de la innovación contenida en la Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológi - ca de la Industria Manufacturera (EDIT IV) elaborada por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística - DANE. …”
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Phenetic Analysis of Cultivated Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Malaysia by Y. S. Chen, M. Dayod, C. S. Tawan

“…Cultivars “Nyerigai,” “India,” “Semongok Perak,” and “Semongok Emas” were grouped in the most diverse clusters among the ten cultivars studied. The four cultivars have a similarity index as high as 92%; however, investigation of leaf width, leaf width-length ratio, seed weight, and conversion rate (fresh to black pepper) gives the ability to determine the characteristic differences. …”
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Food Producing Facades Key to a Sustainable Future by Christopher Paul Leınınger

“…Specifically, this dissertation investigates the role of integrating food producing plants into a living facade to positively impact four outcomes: food production, thermal performance, air quality and rainwater management in a temperate climate. …”
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The impact of environmental variables on reed stands of the intermittent Lake Cerknica, Slovenia: 40 years of change by Nik Ojdanič, Alenka Gaberščik, Igor Zelnik, Aleksandra Golob

“…At Lake Cerknica, long-term data on water levels and temperatures, combined with four decades of Landsat satellite imagery, allowed for a comprehensive analysis of reed stand dynamics of three different reed stands using the modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI2) and an index differentiating technique. …”
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Skin Cancer Detection Using Transfer Learning and Deep Attention Mechanisms by Areej Alotaibi, Duaa AlSaeed

“…<b>Methods:</b> We conducted four experiments on the HAM10000 dataset. Three models integrated self-attention (SL), hard attention (HD), and soft attention (SF) mechanisms, while the fourth model used the standard Xception without attention mechanisms. …”
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Fault localization for automatic train operation based on the adaptive error locating array algorithm by Yanpeng Zhang, Yuxiang Cao

“…The experimental results of ablation and comparison show that the Integrity, average Accuracy and average C-Evaluation of the proposed algorithm can reach up to 100%, 91.07% and 84.56% respectively. Compared to four mainstream adaptive algorithms of fault localization, the proposed algorithm is less affected by the masking effects caused by multiple faults and requires the fewest number of test cases. …”
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China’s Perceptions of Russia during the Ukraine Conflict by Srikanth Kondapalli

“…The article employs an inductive approach, analyzing China's predicaments at four levels: perceptions within the decision-making bodies of the Communist Party, the foreign ministry, think-tanks, and the media community. …”
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Elevation of preoperative cystatin C as an early predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention by Guoqiang Gu, Ningning Yu, Yaqing Zhou, Wei Cui

“…All patients were apportioned to normal CysC (≤1.03 mg/L) or high CysC (>1.03 mg/L) groups before PCI and were hydrated from four hours prior to PCI to 24 hours after it. Renal function was monitored at 48 hours after PCI. …”
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Excavating trajectory planning of electric shovel based on dynamic excavating volume prediction by Juan Wu, Rui Liu, Baoguo Lin

“…Then, the trajectory model of the dipper tooth tip is established by using the 6th polynomial interpolation method, and the minimum excavation energy consumption per unit volume is taken as the optimization objective, and the whale optimization algorithm is used to plan the excavation trajectories for four kinds of complex stacking surfaces (concave, convex, convex–concave and stepped stacking surfaces). …”
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Corporate tax avoidance and firm performance: the moderating role of ownership concentration and board independence by Muhammad Shaukat Malik, Muhammad Irfan, Samavia Munir

“…To address this gap, the current study explores the empirical relationship by using the sample from the 91 banking firms of four SAARC countries namely Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka during the period from 2010 to 2021. …”
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Forward-backward translation, content validity, face validity, construct validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of a questionnaire on patie... by Zhi Kuan Saw, Jonathan Jun Xian Yuen, Asma Ashari, Fatima Ibrahim Bahemia, Yun Xuan Low, Nik Mukhriz Nik Mustapha, May Nak Lau

“…The original questionnaire was forward- and backward-translated, followed by four validity tests (content validity, face validity, construct validity, criterion validity) and two reliability tests (test-retest reliability, internal consistency). …”
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Enhanced Lung Cancer Prediction via Integrated Multi‐Space Feature Adaptation, Collaborative Alignment and Disentanglement Learning by Abigail Kawama, Ronald Waweru Mwangi, Lawrence Nderu

“…Cross‐validation results further validated the model's robustness, with an average precision of 99.73%, recall of 99.55%, F1‐score of 99.64%, and accuracy of 99.64% across five folds. The study utilized four distinct datasets covering a range of imaging modalities and diagnostic labels: the Chest CT‐Scan dataset from Kaggle, the NSCLC‐Radiomics‐Interobserver1 dataset from TCIA, the LungCT‐Diagnosis dataset from TCIA, and the IQ‐OTH/NCCD dataset from Kaggle. …”
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EVALUACIÓN NEUROPSICOLÓGICA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER: MEMORIA EPISÓDICA Y SEMÁNTICA. by Ana Comesaña, Marcela González

“…Los criterios utilizados actualmente son los del DSM IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) y los del NINCDS-ADRDA (Instituto Nacional para los Desórdenes Neurológicos, de la Comunicación y el Accidente Cerebro Vascular y la Asociación para la Enfermedad de Alzheimer y Desórdenes Relacionados) (McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, y col., 1984), y exigen que el diagnóstico de EA probable se corrobore por evaluación neuropsicológica, además de la evaluación clínica y otros estudios. …”
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Forest demographic changes across Texas associated with hot drought by Shakirudeen Lawal, Frank H. Koch, Robert M. Scheller, Jennifer Costanza

“…Using Pearson Correlation Coefficient, we examined the influence of hot drought on forest demography by examining four size classes (seedlings, saplings, small trees and large trees). …”
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Effects of glutathione on oocyte and embryo development in in vitro fertilization by Herry Sonjaya, Erni Damayanti, Hikmayani Iskandar, Sudirman Baco, Hasbi Hasbi, Andi Mujnisa, Kusumandari Indah Prahesti, Aulia Uswa Noor Khasanah, Sri Firmiaty, Asma’ul Fitriana Nurhidayah, Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin, Daud Samsudewa, Rukman Pala, Fitra Aji Pamungkas, Herdis Herdis

“…Methods: The GSH concentrations were classified into four groups (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) which were added to the maturation medium. …”
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Prospective Association Between Tobacco Use and at-Risk Alcohol Consumption Among Swedish Adolescents: Outlining the Influence of Tobacco Product, Frequency of Use and Gender in th... by Johanna Andersson, Kristina Berglund, Robin Irmel, Louise Adermark

“…Methods: Data was extracted from the prospective cohort Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence (LoRDIA), following Swedish adolescents over four waves (∼13 to 17 years of age). Tobacco use was reported with respect to product used and frequency of use, while alcohol use was assessed using AUDIT-C, as well as frequency of use within the last year. …”
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Multi-modal investigation reveals pathogenic features of diverse DDX3X missense mutations. by Federica Mosti, Mariah L Hoye, Carla F Escobar-Tomlienovich, Debra L Silver

“…Using mouse primary neural progenitors, we investigate four recurrently mutated DDX3X missense variants, spanning clinically severe (2) to mild (2). …”
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Clinical Presentations and Characteristics of NSAIDs Hypersensitivity in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Indonesia: A Case Series by Nurmesa A, Zakiyah N, Insani WN

“…It is important to distinguish true hypersensitivity reactions from other side effects to ensure proper management and patient safety. Four patients aged 35– 60 years were treated with NSAIDs for pain management and subsequently developed hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs such as ketorolac, ketoprofen, and diclofenac sodium in the type of allergic reactions such as NSAIDs-induced urticaria/angioedema (NIUA). …”
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Analysis of Iranian health workforce emigration based on a system dynamics approach: a study protocol by Hamideh Keyvani, Reza Majdzadeh, Esmaeil Khedmati Morasae, Leila Doshmangir

“…Method The research consists of four phases including analyzing the emigration status of health workers in developing countries, studying health personnel emigration in Iran, developing a System Dynamics (SD) model, and determining evidence-based policy interventions to address health worker emigration. …”
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Neurostructural correlates of harm action/outcome aversion: The role of empathy by Shu Su, Ling-Xiang Xia

“…To explore this issue, we examined the brain structures associated with the two distinct dimensions of harm aversion (harm action/outcome aversion) and the potential mediating role of the four aspects of empathy: fantasy, perspective-taking, empathic concern, and personal distress. …”
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