Determination of Hazardous VOCs and Nicotine Released from Mainstream Smoke by the Combination of the SPME and GC-MS Methods by Sudhir Kumar Pandey, Ki-Hyun Kim

“…In this study, the contents of nicotine and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in mainstream smoke (MSS) were analyzed using samples of four cigarette types consisting of two common brands (R and E) with full (F) and light (L) flavor, coded with R-F, R-L, E-F, and E-L. …”
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Navigating the Existential Crisis from Literature to Real Life: A Text-to-Self Pedagogical Approach and Its Potential for Existential Literature Instruction by Nhung Thi Hong Nguyen, Khoa Dang Truong

“…Based on Rosenblatt (1995), the three strategies, and our survey-based analysis of 2,000 Vietnamese high school students’ existential perceptions, we propose a model for literature instruction through promoting students’ transition from literary interpretations to self-discovery and self-realization of death associated with the existential crisis. This four-stage model, we expect, will get students poised to reconcile with their lost, solitary, and vulnerable ego, actively befriend their ‘inner child’, and develop into individuals with healed hearts and positive worldviews. …”
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Fatigue Life Assessment of Orthotropic Steel Deck with UHPC Pavement by Xu Jiang, Yuan Yuan, Chong Wu, Chengwei Luo

“…A suggested truck stream model based on the weigh-in-motion (WIM) data of four bridges in China is employed to calculate the stress variation at specific fatigue details. …”
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A Comparative Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars by Sanaz Moazzenchi, Asghar Vatani Oskouei

“…To accomplish this purpose, a four-point flexural test was performed on 24 specimens of geopolymer and cement concrete beams reinforced with steel, GFRP, and CFRP bars. …”
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The Impact of Islamic Banking on Redistribution of Sustainable Income by Jamiu Adeniyi Yusuf, Rauf Mumini Oladapo, Ayuba Aderole Ismail, Muhammed Azeem Tunde

“…This study employs primary data collected from 400 respondents across four countries where Islamic banking operates: Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Nigeria, with 100 participants sampled per country. …”
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Impact of Reward System on Academic Staff Engagement (ASE) and Organisational Performance (OP) in Technical Universities (TUs): A Case of Ghana by Marian S Davis, Obianuju Okeke-Uzodike

“…The findings revealed that (i) Academic Staff Engagement (ASE) has a significant positive effect on Reward System (RS), (ii) RS has a significant positive effect on Organisational Performance (OP), (iii) ASE influences OP, and (iv) RS significantly mediates the relationship between ASE and OP. …”
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Les Enjeux ekphrastiques de la montagne à l’époque romantique by Michel Morel

“…Indeed, a unified thematic prevails, clearly evinced in four extracts selected from contemporary works: a) The Prelude (Wordsworth); b) The Mysteries of Udolpho (Mrs Radcliffe); c) Waverley (Scott); d) Frankenstein (Mary Shelley). …”
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Applying Neural Networks to Hyperspectral and Multispectral Field Data for Discrimination of Cruciferous Weeds in Winter Crops by Ana-Isabel de Castro, Montserrat Jurado-Expósito, María-Teresa Gómez-Casero, Francisca López-Granados

“…Field studies were conducted for four years at different locations in Spain. We aimed to distinguish cruciferous weeds in wheat and broad bean crops, using hyperspectral and multispectral readings in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. …”
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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND POLICIES AND EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA COMPANIES by Isada Mahmutović, Adisa Delić

“…The paper aimed at examining the impact of   characteristics, organizational characteristics, and HRM practices focused on performance appraisal, job security, employee participation, and career planning on employee organizational commitment in BiH companies with more than 50 employees in four sectors. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 128 companies. …”
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An Assessment of Nigeria Security Sector Reform, 1999-2010 by Mohammed, Abubakar Ahmad

“…This research paper set out with four objectives:   First to examine the place of security sector reform in Nigeria, and second to examine the programmes and policies on security sector reform in Nigeria.  …”
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Are probiotics useful in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults? A review of existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and recommendations by Mikołaj Kamiński, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Igor Łoniewski, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Wojciech Marlicz

“…Functional gastrointestinal disorders and bowel disorders, according to Rome IV criteria, result from inappropriate gut-brain interactions. …”
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Thermal Shock Effect on Strength Loss Properties of Rock Materials: An Experimental Study on Thermal Fatigue Durability by Eren Kömürlü

“…Four different types of rock materials from Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey were investigated to determine their change in porosity as well as the degree of cracking, fracturing, disintegration and strength loss under heating-cooling cycles with variations in temperatures up to 300 Co. …”
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Digital learning initiatives forging inclusive education in post-conflict nations by Siddiqullah Barikzai, Vijayakumar Bharathi S, Arif Perdana

“…Our research employed an interpretive field approach, conducting interviews with 102 participants across 12 Afghan universities—eight public and four privates—to examine the challenges and opportunities associated with digital learning initiatives and inclusive education in a post-conflict setting. …”
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A Multi-Objective Stochastic Model for an Earthquake Relief Network by Zeren D. Yenice, Funda Samanlioglu

“…The earthquake damage risk factors were determined based on possible earthquake scenarios given in Japan International Cooperation Agency’s (JICA) report. Four event scenarios with two different earthquake scenario likelihoods were considered and sample efficient solutions from the Pareto frontier were obtained implementing the normalized (scaled) weighted sum method.…”
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Pollination Biology of Potentilla recta (Sulfur Cinquefoil) and Its Cooccurring Native Congener Potentilla gracilis in Northeastern Oregon by James McIver, Karen Erickson

“…Hook.) was studied from 2002–2004, at four sites in northeastern Oregon, USA The native cinquefoil flowered first for five weeks, followed by the invasive for five weeks, with two weeks overlap in mid-June. …”
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Midair Gestural Techniques for Translation Tasks in Large-Display Interaction by Vera Remizova, Yulia Gizatdinova, Veikko Surakka

“…We compared performance and subjective experiences (participants = 30) of four midair gestural techniques (i.e., by fist, palm, pinch, and sideways) in the repetitive translation of 2D objects to short and long distances with a large display. …”
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The High Input of Soil Organic Matter from Dead Tree Fine Roots into the Forest Soil by Hans Å. Persson

“…The spatial and temporal dynamics of tree fine roots were investigated in six boreal forests types in Eastern Sweden, close to the Swedish Forsmark and Laxemar nuclear power plants. Four dry and two wet forest types were included in the study. …”
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CADANGAN KARBON PADA TEGAKAN POHON HUTAN KOTA DI TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN DKI JAKARTA by Mia Azizah, Nia Yuliani, Heriyanto Heriyanto

“…The study was conducted in four regions (north, west, east, south) Ragunan Wildlife Park, DKI Jakarta. …”
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Forgotten antiquities of the Ugam River valley by O.A. Kashchey, L.F. Nedashkovsky

“…Castagné provided data on four caves. The results of our research indicate the need for field archaeological investigations in order to rediscover the monuments that had been found by the pre-revolutionary researchers, as well as to expand the current research focus to the unjustly forgotten antiquities of the Ugam River basin.…”
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Support System for Tunnelling in Squeezing Ground of Qingling-Daba Mountainous Area: A Case Study from Soft Rock Tunnels by Xiuling Wang, Jinxing Lai, Rodney Sheldon Garnes, Yanbin Luo

“…For this study, reference is made to four tunnel cases located in the Qingling-Daba mountainous squeezing area that are dominated by a strong tectonic uplift and diversified geological structures. …”
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