Classification and analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables in fluoride monitoring data collected from animal feed products by Andrea Trossi, Paola Brizio, Maria Leogrande, Caterina Stella, Chiara Marchese, Giulia Mastellone, Maria Cesarina Abete, Stefania Squadrone

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Enhanced Spatial Clustering for Crime Analysis: Novel Advances in Ward-Like and SKATER Algorithms for Brazilian Public Security by Raydonal Ospina, Alexsandra Gomes De Lima, Cristiano Ferraz, Cecilia Castro, Carlos Martin-Barreiro, Victor Leiva

“…Using neighbourhood–level crime records for Recife, Brazil (2007–2015), we present new versions of two established methods —Ward–like hierarchical clustering and the graph-based spatial kluster analysis by tree edge removal (SKATER) algorithm– designed to: (i) enforce geographical contiguity and (ii) handle mixed (qualitative and quantitative) variable types through the Gower dissimilarity. …”
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Investigating the role of environmental factors in the French highly pathogenic avian influenza epizootic in 2022–2023 by Maryem Ben Salem, Mathieu Andraud, Stéphanie Bougeard, Virginie Allain, Morgane Salines, Rodolphe Thomas, Audrey Schmitz, Legrand Saint-Cyr, Karine Fiore, Sophie Le Bouquin, Axelle Scoizec

“…Based on the Gower distance, accounting for qualitative and quantitative variable, clusters were identified using k-medoid partitioning algorithm. …”
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QuaDS: A qualitative/quantitative descriptive statistics Python module by A. Bouanich, A. El Ghaziri, P. Santagostini, A. Pernet, C. Landès, J. Bourbeillon

“…QuaDS (Quantitative/Qualitative Description Statistics) is a pipeline tailored to describe a factor (a qualitative variable of interest) in heterogeneous datasets consisting of qualitative and quantitative variables. This pipeline separately analyze s the variables related to the factor using appropriate statistical tests. …”
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Basic principles of descriptive statistics in medical research by N. M. Bulanov, A. Yu. Suvorov, O. B. Blyuss, D. B. Munblit, D. V. Butnaru, M. Yu. Nadinskaia, A. A. Zaikin

“…In this tutorial we discuss two main types of data - qualitative and quantitative variables, and the most common approaches to characterize data distribution numerically and graphically. …”
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Enhanced Surgical Safety through Protective Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Retrospective Analysis of 22 Cases by Tian Yang, Miguel O. M. Castellanos

“…Statistical analysis was performed on qualitative and quantitative variables to evaluate the surgical outcomes and the corneal endothelial cell density changes postoperation. …”
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Exploration of Placenta Accreta Spectrum with Placenta Previa and Previous Cesarean Section by Safia Bibi , Saleem Javed , Grannaz Mengel

“…Data was presented in number and percentages and mean ± SD for qualitative and quantitative variables respectively. Results: Out of 812 cesarean sections performed during the study period, 4.4% were due to placenta previa. …”
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Assessment of Location of Mental Foramen in Mandible Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography by Shoaib Rahim, Maria Shakoor, Ali Waqar Qureshi, Ammarah Afreen, Zarah Afreen, Atikah Saghir

“…Frequency and percentages were calculated for variable gender (qualitative). For quantitative variables like age, distance mental foramen from the mandibular Symphysis and inferior border of mandible, mean + SD were calculated. …”
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Essential Oil Composition of Pinus peuce Griseb. Needles and Twigs from Two National Parks of Kosovo by Avni Hajdari, Behxhet Mustafa, Dashnor Nebija, Hyrmete Selimi, Zeqir Veselaj, Pranvera Breznica, Cassandra Leah Quave, Johannes Novak

“…The principal aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and qualitative and quantitative variability of essential oils obtained from seven naturally grown populations of the Pinus peuce Grisebach, Pinaceae in Kosovo. …”
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Use of Non Pharmacological Therapies for Pain Management in Children: A Survey of Pediatric Healthcare Provides by Marina Maffeo, Asia Bianchi, Beatrice Fogli, Veronica Meucci, Biagio Nicolosi, Daniele Ciofi

“…The questionnaire assessed knowledge, skills and attitudes toward NPTs, with a statistical analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables. Results. Forty-six percent of participants considered NPTs effective for pain control, but a significant proportion (54%) remained skeptical. …”
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Correlates of sedentary behaviors among adults from eastern Poland by Marian Jan Stelmach, Joanna Baj-Korpak, Ewelina Anna Niźnikowska, Barbara Bergier, Michał Bergier, Dorota Tomczyszyn, Paulo Rocha

“…Statistical analyses focused on the prevalence of sedentary behaviors (SB) and correlations for qualitative and quantitative variables for two- and multiple-group comparisons. …”
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Impact of dental aesthetics on self-esteem in students at the Polígono Sur education permanent center in Seville, Spain by Adriana Dayaneira Fernández-Cevallos, David Ribas-Perez, Marcela Arenas-González, Luis Elkhoury-Moreno, Julio Torrejón-Martínez, Eva Rosel-Gallardo, Antonio Luis Castaño-Seiquer

“…A cross-sectional descriptive study with qualitative and quantitative variables in which 92 participants from the permanent education center located in the polígono sur of the city of Seville. …”
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Characterization of dairy farms based on the urea nitrogen content of bulk tank milk in Paraná State, Brazil by Monique Figueiredo-Paludo, Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza, Fabio Seiji dos Santos, Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti, Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, Jesús Alberto Cardozo Osorio, Kleves Vieira de Almeida, José Augusto Horst, Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos

“…For this, 32 dairy farms were randomly selected for application of a questionnaire assessing qualitative and quantitative variables. Interviews and samplings of bulk tank milk were carried out from October 2018 to October 2019. …”
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Characterization and determination of prevalence in autoimmune liver diseases in a tertiary center. by Ernesto J. Medina-Avalos, Gabriela Rangel-Zavala, Jose L. Pérez-Hernández, Viridiana López-Ladrón de Guevara, Fátima Higuera-De la Tijera

“…Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, measures of central tendency, and dispersion were employed for qualitative and quantitative variables. Results: The prevalence of AHD during the evaluated period was 11.5% in our population. …”
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Natural history of non-neovascular pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs): Comparison between serous and drusenoid PEDs by Mathilde M. Goudot, Eric H. Souied, Donato Colantuono, Camille Jung, Carl-Joe Mehanna, Benjamin Memmi, Giuseppe Querques, Salomon-Yves Cohen, Alexandra Miere

“…SD-OCT qualitative and quantitative variables were compared at baseline, at the time of maximal PED height, and at the final visit. …”
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Optimum Combination of Spectral Variables for Crop Mapping in Heterogeneous Landscapes based on Sentinel-2 Time Series and Machine Learning by J. G. de Oliveira Júnior, J. C. D. M. Esquerdo, J. C. D. M. Esquerdo, R. A. C. Lamparelli, R. A. C. Lamparelli

“…Given the results found, the C2 classification scenario (with bands B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, and B8A and the NDRE1, RESI, and MSR indexes) demonstrated the best LULC classification accuracy at the crop pattern level, compared to the other scenarios, with average values of 0.91, 0.88, 0.91, 0.89, and 0.89 (Global Accuracy, Producer Accuracy, User Accuracy, Kappa index, and F1-Score, respectively, for the TempCNN model), the which emphasized the importance of both qualitative and quantitative variability of sampling data and variables based on the Red Edge region for improving LULC classification processes in large-scale heterogeneous landscapes.…”
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Prevalence and Determinants of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Pediatric Household Contacts of Microbiologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in Neyyattinkara TB Unit... by Ananya S Willsraj, Suba Joice, Y Dishan, Blessed Singh, Ajin Chandran

“…Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS trial version 26. All qualitative and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency and percentages, and using mean and standard deviation, respectively. …”
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Identificação das necessidades do consumidor no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos: uma proposta de inovação ilustrada para o segmento automotivo Identification of costumers n... by Leonardo Ensslin, Shirley Queiroz, Cleci Grzebieluckas, Sandra Rolim Ensslin, Elton Nickel, Marcos Albuquerque Buson, Alceu Balbim Junior

“…This paper presents a case study of primary non-obstructive sources of information, qualitative and quantitative variables, and a constructivist view of knowledge. …”
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Mindfulness-Based Intervention Effects on EEG and Executive Functions: A Systematic Review by Gilberto Galindo-Aldana, Luis Arturo Montoya-Rivera, Jose Jaime Esqueda-Elizondo, Everardo Inzunza-Gonzalez, Enrique Efren Garcia-Guerrero, Alfredo Padilla-Lopez, Tara G. Bautista, Cynthia Torres-González

“…</b> A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in three databases, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO MedLine complete; 14,464 articles were found, 141 articles evaluated the effects of MBI on executive functioning, and 16 included both as in qualitative and quantitative variables. <b>Results.</b> The qualitative results show that the research on the effects of MBI on behavior and cognitive skills, including executive function, social cognition, and EEG analysis, is very scarce but consistent in suggesting strong correlations on cognitive and electrophysiological alpha–beta proportions asymmetry on frontal areas. …”
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Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Subsequent Pregnancy Among Women Without GDM History in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study by Geng Song, Yumei Wei, Juan Juan, Rina Su, Jianying Yan, Mei Xiao, Xianlan Zhao, Meihua Zhang, Yuyan Ma, Haiwei Liu, Jingxia Sun, Kejia Hu, Huixia Yang

“…A univariate analysis of potential risk factors was performed using the Chi-squared test and/or t-test for qualitative or quantitative variables, respectively. Associations with P values <0.1 were chosen to be included in the multivariate binary logistic regression model. …”
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