Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes
Antimicrobial resistance poses a global health threat, with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes contributing to the highest mortality rates among Gram-positive pathogens over the last three decades. The search for alternative antimicrobial agents has increas...
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Universitas Sultan Agung Semarang
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Sains Medika |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/sainsmedika/article/view/40155 |
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| author | Leonny Dwi Rizkita Rizka Ariani Muhammad Farid Ardestya Rastrani Widya Aryana Ramadhania Ratna Aprillia Eka Putri |
| author_facet | Leonny Dwi Rizkita Rizka Ariani Muhammad Farid Ardestya Rastrani Widya Aryana Ramadhania Ratna Aprillia Eka Putri |
| author_sort | Leonny Dwi Rizkita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance poses a global health threat, with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes contributing to the highest mortality rates among Gram-positive pathogens over the last three decades. The search for alternative antimicrobial agents has increasingly concentrated on natural products. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant in Indonesia, is recognized for its numerous health benefits, including its antimicrobial properties. Despite extensive phytochemical studies on various parts of rambutan, the specific inhibitory effects of its leaf extract against MRSA and S. pyogenes have yet to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic rambutan leaf extract against MRSA and S. pyogenes. The extract was prepared using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids (blackish-blue reaction with FeCl3) and tannins (reddish hue with HCl). Antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring inhibition zones on agar plates and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) through UV-vis spectrophotometry. The 100% ethanolic extract demonstrated significant inhibitory effects, with a mean inhibition zone of 14.6 mm against MRSA, outperforming the 5% (p = 0.0004) and 10% (p = 0.0402) concentrations. For S. pyogenes, the 100% extract produced the largest inhibition zone (24 mm), showing superior activity compared to the 5% (p = 0.0005) and 10% (p = 0.0485) concentrations. MIC analysis indicated optimal antimicrobial activity at both 50% and 100% concentrations for the two pathogens. These findings underscore the potential of rambutan leaf extract as a natural antimicrobial agent against resistant Gram-positive bacteria, warranting further investigation into its bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ffff582c844642c8add83690e13d7db4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2085-1545 2339-093X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Sultan Agung Semarang |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sains Medika |
| spelling | doaj-art-ffff582c844642c8add83690e13d7db42025-02-03T08:04:34ZengUniversitas Sultan Agung SemarangSains Medika2085-15452339-093X2024-12-01152687710.30659/sainsmed.v15i2.4015510906Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenesLeonny Dwi Rizkita0Rizka Ariani1Muhammad Farid2Ardestya Rastrani3Widya Aryana Ramadhania4Ratna Aprillia Eka Putri5Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Sepcial Region of YogyakartaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Sepcial Region of YogyakartaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Sepcial Region of YogyakartaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Sepcial Region of YogyakartaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Sepcial Region of YogyakartaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Sepcial Region of YogyakartaAntimicrobial resistance poses a global health threat, with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes contributing to the highest mortality rates among Gram-positive pathogens over the last three decades. The search for alternative antimicrobial agents has increasingly concentrated on natural products. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant in Indonesia, is recognized for its numerous health benefits, including its antimicrobial properties. Despite extensive phytochemical studies on various parts of rambutan, the specific inhibitory effects of its leaf extract against MRSA and S. pyogenes have yet to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic rambutan leaf extract against MRSA and S. pyogenes. The extract was prepared using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids (blackish-blue reaction with FeCl3) and tannins (reddish hue with HCl). Antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring inhibition zones on agar plates and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) through UV-vis spectrophotometry. The 100% ethanolic extract demonstrated significant inhibitory effects, with a mean inhibition zone of 14.6 mm against MRSA, outperforming the 5% (p = 0.0004) and 10% (p = 0.0402) concentrations. For S. pyogenes, the 100% extract produced the largest inhibition zone (24 mm), showing superior activity compared to the 5% (p = 0.0005) and 10% (p = 0.0485) concentrations. MIC analysis indicated optimal antimicrobial activity at both 50% and 100% concentrations for the two pathogens. These findings underscore the potential of rambutan leaf extract as a natural antimicrobial agent against resistant Gram-positive bacteria, warranting further investigation into its bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action.https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/sainsmedika/article/view/40155growth inhibitionmrsanephelium lappaecum lrambutan’s leavesstreptococcus pyogenes |
| spellingShingle | Leonny Dwi Rizkita Rizka Ariani Muhammad Farid Ardestya Rastrani Widya Aryana Ramadhania Ratna Aprillia Eka Putri Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes Sains Medika growth inhibition mrsa nephelium lappaecum l rambutan’s leaves streptococcus pyogenes |
| title | Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes |
| title_full | Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes |
| title_short | Inhibitory effects of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum l.) leaves ethanolic extract on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes |
| title_sort | inhibitory effects of rambutan nephelium lappaceum l leaves ethanolic extract on methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa and streptococcus pyogenes |
| topic | growth inhibition mrsa nephelium lappaecum l rambutan’s leaves streptococcus pyogenes |
| url | https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/sainsmedika/article/view/40155 |
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