Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System
To evaluate the long term corrosion potential stability of stainless steel (SS) in environmental water, the corrosion potential of SUS304, SUS316, SUS316L, and SUS430 was measured for 1 week in a solution of 0.9 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub> and 0.5 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, referred to as...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Kyosuke Sawada Shinji Okazaki Tatsuki Inaba Motohiro Sakuma Koichi Azuma |
| author_facet | Kyosuke Sawada Shinji Okazaki Tatsuki Inaba Motohiro Sakuma Koichi Azuma |
| author_sort | Kyosuke Sawada |
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| description | To evaluate the long term corrosion potential stability of stainless steel (SS) in environmental water, the corrosion potential of SUS304, SUS316, SUS316L, and SUS430 was measured for 1 week in a solution of 0.9 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub> and 0.5 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, referred to as “sub-tap water.” The potential of the SSs upon initial immersion in sub-tap water was approximately 10 times less stable than the potentials of Fe and Cu. However, as immersion continued, the stability of the corrosion potential of the SS improved and became equivalent to those of Fe and Cu. The stability could be manipulated by pretreatment (pre-immersion) before samples were immersed in sub-tap water. The stability was increased by pre-immersion in an acidic solution but was reduced by a passivation treatment. The formation of iron oxides on the SS surface stabilized the potential, whereas surface enrichment with Cr led to instability. This behavior can also be inferred from a comparison of the polarization curves, where the passive current after the passivation treatment was the largest. This result is also speculatively attributed to the corrosion potential in sub-tap water decreasing over time after the passivation treatment. The charge transfer resistance likely contributes significantly to the potential stability, as indicated by an equivalent circuit analysis based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that, when stabilizing the corrosion potential of SS, there is no need to reduce the charge transfer resistance as with existing reference electrodes. Stability is achieved when the surface thickness is such that the pseudo-capacitance in a dilute solution is less than 10 µF s<sup><i>α</i>−1</sup>cm<sup>−2</sup> and potential stability does not influence a few changes in the <i>CPE</i><sub>1</sub> value after potential stability is achieved. The results of this study show that SS can be used as a quasi-reference electrode material. We expect the findings presented herein to strongly affect the development of electrochemical sensors that can be easily used in long term continuous measurements and in situ applications. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-fffdba5854c848f3bb4e1af6d73557c42025-01-24T13:26:52ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402024-12-01131410.3390/chemosensors13010004Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing SystemKyosuke Sawada0Shinji Okazaki1Tatsuki Inaba2Motohiro Sakuma3Koichi Azuma4Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 79-5, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama City 240-8501, Kanagawa, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 79-5, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama City 240-8501, Kanagawa, JapanR&D, Aichi Tokei Denki. Co., Ltd., Chitose 1-2-70, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya City 456-8691, Aichi, JapanR&D, Aichi Tokei Denki. Co., Ltd., Chitose 1-2-70, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya City 456-8691, Aichi, JapanR&D, Aichi Tokei Denki. Co., Ltd., Chitose 1-2-70, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya City 456-8691, Aichi, JapanTo evaluate the long term corrosion potential stability of stainless steel (SS) in environmental water, the corrosion potential of SUS304, SUS316, SUS316L, and SUS430 was measured for 1 week in a solution of 0.9 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub> and 0.5 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, referred to as “sub-tap water.” The potential of the SSs upon initial immersion in sub-tap water was approximately 10 times less stable than the potentials of Fe and Cu. However, as immersion continued, the stability of the corrosion potential of the SS improved and became equivalent to those of Fe and Cu. The stability could be manipulated by pretreatment (pre-immersion) before samples were immersed in sub-tap water. The stability was increased by pre-immersion in an acidic solution but was reduced by a passivation treatment. The formation of iron oxides on the SS surface stabilized the potential, whereas surface enrichment with Cr led to instability. This behavior can also be inferred from a comparison of the polarization curves, where the passive current after the passivation treatment was the largest. This result is also speculatively attributed to the corrosion potential in sub-tap water decreasing over time after the passivation treatment. The charge transfer resistance likely contributes significantly to the potential stability, as indicated by an equivalent circuit analysis based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that, when stabilizing the corrosion potential of SS, there is no need to reduce the charge transfer resistance as with existing reference electrodes. Stability is achieved when the surface thickness is such that the pseudo-capacitance in a dilute solution is less than 10 µF s<sup><i>α</i>−1</sup>cm<sup>−2</sup> and potential stability does not influence a few changes in the <i>CPE</i><sub>1</sub> value after potential stability is achieved. The results of this study show that SS can be used as a quasi-reference electrode material. We expect the findings presented herein to strongly affect the development of electrochemical sensors that can be easily used in long term continuous measurements and in situ applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/1/4stainless steel electrodeopen circuit potential measurementquasi-reference electrodestability of corrosion potentialequivalent circuit |
| spellingShingle | Kyosuke Sawada Shinji Okazaki Tatsuki Inaba Motohiro Sakuma Koichi Azuma Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System Chemosensors stainless steel electrode open circuit potential measurement quasi-reference electrode stability of corrosion potential equivalent circuit |
| title | Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System |
| title_full | Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System |
| title_short | Evaluation of Corrosion Potential Stability of Stainless Steels in Dilute Electrolyte Solution for Application to a Quasi-Reference Electrode Used in Electrochemical Sensing System |
| title_sort | evaluation of corrosion potential stability of stainless steels in dilute electrolyte solution for application to a quasi reference electrode used in electrochemical sensing system |
| topic | stainless steel electrode open circuit potential measurement quasi-reference electrode stability of corrosion potential equivalent circuit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/1/4 |
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