The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort study

Abstract Background The present study investigated the association between exposure to electromagnetic waves from widely used devices and pregnancy and birth outcomes among women in Yazd City. Methods This study was conducted on a total of 1,666 participants enrolled in the Yazd Mother and Child Coh...

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Main Authors: Mohamad Razavimoghadam, Reyhane Sefidkar, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush, Fahimeh Teimouri, Mohammad Hossien Zare Hassanabadi, Fahimeh Nokhostin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07512-4
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author Mohamad Razavimoghadam
Reyhane Sefidkar
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
Fahimeh Teimouri
Mohammad Hossien Zare Hassanabadi
Fahimeh Nokhostin
author_facet Mohamad Razavimoghadam
Reyhane Sefidkar
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
Fahimeh Teimouri
Mohammad Hossien Zare Hassanabadi
Fahimeh Nokhostin
author_sort Mohamad Razavimoghadam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The present study investigated the association between exposure to electromagnetic waves from widely used devices and pregnancy and birth outcomes among women in Yazd City. Methods This study was conducted on a total of 1,666 participants enrolled in the Yazd Mother and Child Cohort Center between 2015 and 2019. Cell phones, cordless phones, and Wi-Fi instruments were considered electromagnetic wave sources. Pregnancy and birth outcomes examined in this study include miscarriage, preterm labor, abnormal birth weight, and deviations in newborn height and head circumference. SPSS version 24 and R-studio version 4.3.1 software were used for statistical analysis. Results The current study revealed that 41 (2.5%) mothers had miscarriage and 174 (10.4%) mothers experienced preterm labor. Furthermore, 181 (10.9%) infants with abnormal birth weights, 117 (7%) infants with abnormal height, and 124 (7.4%) infants with abnormal head circumference were observed in this study. Individuals with longer cell phones call duration during pregnancy had higher risk of miscarriage (p < 0.001, RR (95% CI), 1.0061(1.003–1.0093)), abnormal birth weight (p = 0.002, RR (95% CI), 1.0012 (1.0004–1.002)) and height (p = 0.003, RR (95% CI), 1.0014 (1.0004–1.0023)) in comparison with those with lower cell phone call duration in this period. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed that an increase in exposure to cell phones during pregnancy can increase the risk of pregnancy and birth outcomes, namely miscarriage, abnormal weight and height of the infant. Furthermore, cordless phone conversations could increase the risk of abnormal weight in newborns.
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spelling doaj-art-ffd4cfd5acbb46fbb9adc1237cc384f32025-08-20T02:17:04ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-04-0125111010.1186/s12884-025-07512-4The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort studyMohamad Razavimoghadam0Reyhane Sefidkar1Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush2Fahimeh Teimouri3Mohammad Hossien Zare Hassanabadi4Fahimeh Nokhostin5Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesCenter for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesEnvironmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesEnvironmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background The present study investigated the association between exposure to electromagnetic waves from widely used devices and pregnancy and birth outcomes among women in Yazd City. Methods This study was conducted on a total of 1,666 participants enrolled in the Yazd Mother and Child Cohort Center between 2015 and 2019. Cell phones, cordless phones, and Wi-Fi instruments were considered electromagnetic wave sources. Pregnancy and birth outcomes examined in this study include miscarriage, preterm labor, abnormal birth weight, and deviations in newborn height and head circumference. SPSS version 24 and R-studio version 4.3.1 software were used for statistical analysis. Results The current study revealed that 41 (2.5%) mothers had miscarriage and 174 (10.4%) mothers experienced preterm labor. Furthermore, 181 (10.9%) infants with abnormal birth weights, 117 (7%) infants with abnormal height, and 124 (7.4%) infants with abnormal head circumference were observed in this study. Individuals with longer cell phones call duration during pregnancy had higher risk of miscarriage (p < 0.001, RR (95% CI), 1.0061(1.003–1.0093)), abnormal birth weight (p = 0.002, RR (95% CI), 1.0012 (1.0004–1.002)) and height (p = 0.003, RR (95% CI), 1.0014 (1.0004–1.0023)) in comparison with those with lower cell phone call duration in this period. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed that an increase in exposure to cell phones during pregnancy can increase the risk of pregnancy and birth outcomes, namely miscarriage, abnormal weight and height of the infant. Furthermore, cordless phone conversations could increase the risk of abnormal weight in newborns.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07512-4MiscarriageAbortionRadio wavesBirth weightPregnancy outcome
spellingShingle Mohamad Razavimoghadam
Reyhane Sefidkar
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
Fahimeh Teimouri
Mohammad Hossien Zare Hassanabadi
Fahimeh Nokhostin
The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort study
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Miscarriage
Abortion
Radio waves
Birth weight
Pregnancy outcome
title The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort study
title_full The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort study
title_fullStr The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort study
title_full_unstemmed The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort study
title_short The association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in Yazd women: a cohort study
title_sort association of widely used electromagnetic waves exposure and pregnancy and birth outcomes in yazd women a cohort study
topic Miscarriage
Abortion
Radio waves
Birth weight
Pregnancy outcome
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07512-4
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