Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic Activation
Background/Objectives: Early postmortem mitochondrial function and apoptotic activation affect meat quality development. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation to pigs prior to harvest can improve pork color stability, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Chen Zhu Luke A. Whitcomb Adam J. Chicco Morgan E. Gravely Hanna M. Alcocer Daniela A. Alambarrio John M. Gonzalez Colton L. Smith Mahesh N. Nair Huey Yi Loh Terry E. Engle Arya Niraula Chaoyu Zhai |
| author_facet | Chen Zhu Luke A. Whitcomb Adam J. Chicco Morgan E. Gravely Hanna M. Alcocer Daniela A. Alambarrio John M. Gonzalez Colton L. Smith Mahesh N. Nair Huey Yi Loh Terry E. Engle Arya Niraula Chaoyu Zhai |
| author_sort | Chen Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: Early postmortem mitochondrial function and apoptotic activation affect meat quality development. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation to pigs prior to harvest can improve pork color stability, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of NR supplementation on early postmortem mitochondrial functionality and apoptosis. Methods: Sixteen pigs (<i>N</i> = 16) were individually fed a control or NR-supplemented diet (30 mg·kg body weight<sup>−1</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>) for 10 days prior to harvest. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected at 45 min and 24 h postmortem and analyzed for mitochondrial functionality using high-resolution respirometry and apoptotic protein abundance (apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-associated X (BAX), apoptotic inducing factor (AIF), and caspase 3 (CASP3)) via immunoblotting. Results: NR-supplemented muscle exhibited lower proton leak-associated respiration at 45 min postmortem (<i>p</i> < 0.05), followed by a slower accumulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and a slower loss of mitochondrial integral function (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from 45 min to 24 h postmortem. NR supplementation decreased BAX abundance at 45 min postmortem but increased mature AIF abundance (62 kDa) at 24 h postmortem (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The abundance of CASP3 fragments (~29 kDa) decreased from 45 min to 24 h postmortem, independent of treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusions: NR supplementation demonstrated the potential to protect mitochondrial integral function and alleviate apoptotic activation in early postmortem porcine skeletal muscle, which might contribute to a higher meat color stability in NR-supplemented pork during retail display. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ffaf7c5b592e47afaefb70e2561f02cb2025-01-24T13:41:13ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-01-011513110.3390/metabo15010031Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic ActivationChen Zhu0Luke A. Whitcomb1Adam J. Chicco2Morgan E. Gravely3Hanna M. Alcocer4Daniela A. Alambarrio5John M. Gonzalez6Colton L. Smith7Mahesh N. Nair8Huey Yi Loh9Terry E. Engle10Arya Niraula11Chaoyu Zhai12Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USABackground/Objectives: Early postmortem mitochondrial function and apoptotic activation affect meat quality development. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation to pigs prior to harvest can improve pork color stability, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of NR supplementation on early postmortem mitochondrial functionality and apoptosis. Methods: Sixteen pigs (<i>N</i> = 16) were individually fed a control or NR-supplemented diet (30 mg·kg body weight<sup>−1</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>) for 10 days prior to harvest. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected at 45 min and 24 h postmortem and analyzed for mitochondrial functionality using high-resolution respirometry and apoptotic protein abundance (apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-associated X (BAX), apoptotic inducing factor (AIF), and caspase 3 (CASP3)) via immunoblotting. Results: NR-supplemented muscle exhibited lower proton leak-associated respiration at 45 min postmortem (<i>p</i> < 0.05), followed by a slower accumulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and a slower loss of mitochondrial integral function (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from 45 min to 24 h postmortem. NR supplementation decreased BAX abundance at 45 min postmortem but increased mature AIF abundance (62 kDa) at 24 h postmortem (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The abundance of CASP3 fragments (~29 kDa) decreased from 45 min to 24 h postmortem, independent of treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusions: NR supplementation demonstrated the potential to protect mitochondrial integral function and alleviate apoptotic activation in early postmortem porcine skeletal muscle, which might contribute to a higher meat color stability in NR-supplemented pork during retail display.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/31nicotinamide ribosideporcine longissimusmitochondrial functionapoptosispostmortem muscle |
| spellingShingle | Chen Zhu Luke A. Whitcomb Adam J. Chicco Morgan E. Gravely Hanna M. Alcocer Daniela A. Alambarrio John M. Gonzalez Colton L. Smith Mahesh N. Nair Huey Yi Loh Terry E. Engle Arya Niraula Chaoyu Zhai Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic Activation Metabolites nicotinamide riboside porcine longissimus mitochondrial function apoptosis postmortem muscle |
| title | Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic Activation |
| title_full | Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic Activation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic Activation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic Activation |
| title_short | Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation on Postmortem Mitochondrial Functionality and Apoptotic Activation |
| title_sort | effects of nicotinamide riboside supplementation on postmortem mitochondrial functionality and apoptotic activation |
| topic | nicotinamide riboside porcine longissimus mitochondrial function apoptosis postmortem muscle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/31 |
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