Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Waste milk harbors many bacteria and antibiotic residues. Calves fed with untreated waste milk have a higher incidence of scours and an increased risk of developing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with...

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Main Authors: Fernando Ulloa, Martina Penati, Constanza Naegel, Carlos Tejeda, Miguel Hernández-Agudelo, Pamela Steuer, Miguel Salgado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1085
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author Fernando Ulloa
Martina Penati
Constanza Naegel
Carlos Tejeda
Miguel Hernández-Agudelo
Pamela Steuer
Miguel Salgado
author_facet Fernando Ulloa
Martina Penati
Constanza Naegel
Carlos Tejeda
Miguel Hernández-Agudelo
Pamela Steuer
Miguel Salgado
author_sort Fernando Ulloa
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Waste milk harbors many bacteria and antibiotic residues. Calves fed with untreated waste milk have a higher incidence of scours and an increased risk of developing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with copper ions on bacteria and antibiotics contained in bovine waste milk. <b>Methods</b>: Waste milk samples were collected from a dairy farm for seven weeks and were subjected to treatment with copper ions. Total bacterial counts, coliforms, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> were assessed before and after treatment. Additionally, metagenomic analysis was performed to determine microbial diversity. <b>Results</b>: Before treatment, the total bacterial count average was 4.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL, 1.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL for coliforms, 2.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL for <i>Streptococcus</i>, and 5.4 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/mL for <i>Staphylococcus</i> Copper treatment significantly reduced bacterial counts within 15 min. Total bacteria decreased from 4.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL to 1.1 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/mL after 30 min; meanwhile, other groups were not detected. The most abundant groups were <i>Lactococcus</i> (29.94%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> (28.89%), and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (21.19%). Beta-lactams were detected in five-sevenths samples, and in one sample they were detected before and at 15 min of treatment but not after 30 min. <b>Conclusions</b>: The effect of treatment with copper ions on the different bacterial groups was significantly effective but showed limited effect on the detection of antibiotics.
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spelling doaj-art-ffa452b86d5b4bb39b99f5e2643b7d4e2025-08-20T02:07:57ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-11-011311108510.3390/antibiotics13111085Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste MilkFernando Ulloa0Martina Penati1Constanza Naegel2Carlos Tejeda3Miguel Hernández-Agudelo4Pamela Steuer5Miguel Salgado6Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science—DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, ItalyInstituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileInstituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileEscuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileInstituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileInstituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Waste milk harbors many bacteria and antibiotic residues. Calves fed with untreated waste milk have a higher incidence of scours and an increased risk of developing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with copper ions on bacteria and antibiotics contained in bovine waste milk. <b>Methods</b>: Waste milk samples were collected from a dairy farm for seven weeks and were subjected to treatment with copper ions. Total bacterial counts, coliforms, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> were assessed before and after treatment. Additionally, metagenomic analysis was performed to determine microbial diversity. <b>Results</b>: Before treatment, the total bacterial count average was 4.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL, 1.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/mL for coliforms, 2.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL for <i>Streptococcus</i>, and 5.4 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/mL for <i>Staphylococcus</i> Copper treatment significantly reduced bacterial counts within 15 min. Total bacteria decreased from 4.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL to 1.1 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/mL after 30 min; meanwhile, other groups were not detected. The most abundant groups were <i>Lactococcus</i> (29.94%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> (28.89%), and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (21.19%). Beta-lactams were detected in five-sevenths samples, and in one sample they were detected before and at 15 min of treatment but not after 30 min. <b>Conclusions</b>: The effect of treatment with copper ions on the different bacterial groups was significantly effective but showed limited effect on the detection of antibiotics.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1085waste milkcopper ion treatmentmicroorganismsantibiotics
spellingShingle Fernando Ulloa
Martina Penati
Constanza Naegel
Carlos Tejeda
Miguel Hernández-Agudelo
Pamela Steuer
Miguel Salgado
Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk
Antibiotics
waste milk
copper ion treatment
microorganisms
antibiotics
title Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk
title_full Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk
title_fullStr Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk
title_short Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk
title_sort efficacy of copper ion treatment on bacteria and antibiotic residues contained in bovine waste milk
topic waste milk
copper ion treatment
microorganisms
antibiotics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/11/1085
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