Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.

While there is ample evidence on the effects of neuromuscular training (NMT) and stretching training on selected measures of physical fitness in young athletes, less is known on the mental well-being effects. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of NMT versus stretching training (ST) performed duri...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Achraf Hammami, Walid Selmi, Abdelkader Mahmoudi, Yassine Negra, Anis Chaouachi, David G Behm, Urs Granacher, Raouf Hammami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318318
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850190027176280064
author Achraf Hammami
Walid Selmi
Abdelkader Mahmoudi
Yassine Negra
Anis Chaouachi
David G Behm
Urs Granacher
Raouf Hammami
author_facet Achraf Hammami
Walid Selmi
Abdelkader Mahmoudi
Yassine Negra
Anis Chaouachi
David G Behm
Urs Granacher
Raouf Hammami
author_sort Achraf Hammami
collection DOAJ
description While there is ample evidence on the effects of neuromuscular training (NMT) and stretching training on selected measures of physical fitness in young athletes, less is known on the mental well-being effects. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of NMT versus stretching training (ST) performed during the warm-up and active control (CG) on selected physical fitness measures and mental well-being in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players. A secondary aim was to investigate associations between training-induced changes in physical fitness and mental well-being. Forty-six pubertal participants aged 12.2 ± 0.6 years were randomly allocated to NMT, ST, or CG. The eight-weeks NMT included balance, strength, plyometric, and change-of-direction (CoD) exercises. ST comprised four weeks of lower limbs static stretching followed by four weeks of dynamic stretching. The CG performed a soccer-specific warm-up. Training volumes were similar between groups. Pre-, and post-training, tests were scheduled to assess dynamic balance (Y-balance test), 15-m CoD speed, power (five-jump-test [FJT]), cognitive (CA), somatic anxiety (SA), and self-confidence (SC). Findings showed significant group-by-time interactions for all physical fitness measures (d =  1.00-3.23; p < 0.05) and mental well-being (d = 0.97-1.08; p < 0.05) tests. There were significant pre-post changes for all tested variables (d = 0.69-4.23; p < 0.05) in favor of NMT but not ST and CG. Pooled data indicated significant moderate correlations between training-induced performance changes in FJT and SA (r = -0.378, p < 0.05), FJT and SC (r = 0.360, p < 0.05) and 15-m CoD and SA (r = 0.393, p < 0.01). NMT but not ST or CG resulted in improved measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players. NMT performed during the warm-up is a safe and effective training method as it exerts positive effects on physical fitness and self-confidence as well as the coping of anxiety in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players.
format Article
id doaj-art-ff5ef39d7b72451eadf460d2654baff7
institution OA Journals
issn 1932-6203
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS ONE
spelling doaj-art-ff5ef39d7b72451eadf460d2654baff72025-08-20T02:15:24ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e031831810.1371/journal.pone.0318318Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.Achraf HammamiWalid SelmiAbdelkader MahmoudiYassine NegraAnis ChaouachiDavid G BehmUrs GranacherRaouf HammamiWhile there is ample evidence on the effects of neuromuscular training (NMT) and stretching training on selected measures of physical fitness in young athletes, less is known on the mental well-being effects. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of NMT versus stretching training (ST) performed during the warm-up and active control (CG) on selected physical fitness measures and mental well-being in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players. A secondary aim was to investigate associations between training-induced changes in physical fitness and mental well-being. Forty-six pubertal participants aged 12.2 ± 0.6 years were randomly allocated to NMT, ST, or CG. The eight-weeks NMT included balance, strength, plyometric, and change-of-direction (CoD) exercises. ST comprised four weeks of lower limbs static stretching followed by four weeks of dynamic stretching. The CG performed a soccer-specific warm-up. Training volumes were similar between groups. Pre-, and post-training, tests were scheduled to assess dynamic balance (Y-balance test), 15-m CoD speed, power (five-jump-test [FJT]), cognitive (CA), somatic anxiety (SA), and self-confidence (SC). Findings showed significant group-by-time interactions for all physical fitness measures (d =  1.00-3.23; p < 0.05) and mental well-being (d = 0.97-1.08; p < 0.05) tests. There were significant pre-post changes for all tested variables (d = 0.69-4.23; p < 0.05) in favor of NMT but not ST and CG. Pooled data indicated significant moderate correlations between training-induced performance changes in FJT and SA (r = -0.378, p < 0.05), FJT and SC (r = 0.360, p < 0.05) and 15-m CoD and SA (r = 0.393, p < 0.01). NMT but not ST or CG resulted in improved measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players. NMT performed during the warm-up is a safe and effective training method as it exerts positive effects on physical fitness and self-confidence as well as the coping of anxiety in highly-trained male pubertal soccer players.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318318
spellingShingle Achraf Hammami
Walid Selmi
Abdelkader Mahmoudi
Yassine Negra
Anis Chaouachi
David G Behm
Urs Granacher
Raouf Hammami
Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.
PLoS ONE
title Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.
title_full Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.
title_fullStr Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.
title_full_unstemmed Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.
title_short Effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm-up on measures of physical fitness and mental well-being in highly-trained pubertal male soccer players.
title_sort effects of neuromuscular versus stretching training performed during the warm up on measures of physical fitness and mental well being in highly trained pubertal male soccer players
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318318
work_keys_str_mv AT achrafhammami effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers
AT walidselmi effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers
AT abdelkadermahmoudi effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers
AT yassinenegra effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers
AT anischaouachi effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers
AT davidgbehm effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers
AT ursgranacher effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers
AT raoufhammami effectsofneuromuscularversusstretchingtrainingperformedduringthewarmuponmeasuresofphysicalfitnessandmentalwellbeinginhighlytrainedpubertalmalesoccerplayers