Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data

Health literacy plays an important role in promoting healthier behaviors. However, less is known about its impact on dietary habits, such as fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. This study examines the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between FV intake and demographic and socioecono...

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Main Authors: Andrej Kirbiš, Stefani Branilović, Maruša Lubej
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/378
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author Andrej Kirbiš
Stefani Branilović
Maruša Lubej
author_facet Andrej Kirbiš
Stefani Branilović
Maruša Lubej
author_sort Andrej Kirbiš
collection DOAJ
description Health literacy plays an important role in promoting healthier behaviors. However, less is known about its impact on dietary habits, such as fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. This study examines the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between FV intake and demographic and socioeconomic factors among Slovenian adults. We used Slovenian national data from the 19-country Health Literacy Survey 2019–2021 (HLS19) (<i>n</i> = 3360). Results indicate that health literacy plays a complex role in mediating the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and FV intake. Women and financially stable individuals have higher levels of health literacy, which positively predicts higher FV intake. While older individuals demonstrated greater FV intake, they reported lower health literacy, suggesting other mechanisms may drive their dietary behavior. Additionally, while higher education was associated with improved health literacy, its direct relationship with FV intake was negative, though health literacy partially mitigated this effect. These results underscore the importance of health literacy as a mediating factor in improving dietary behaviors and highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies to enhance nutritional education, particularly for marginalized groups.
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spelling doaj-art-ff2bc6c63ad24779b79c098f3b2b3af12025-08-20T02:48:06ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-0114337810.3390/foods14030378Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey DataAndrej Kirbiš0Stefani Branilović1Maruša Lubej2Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaHealth literacy plays an important role in promoting healthier behaviors. However, less is known about its impact on dietary habits, such as fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. This study examines the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between FV intake and demographic and socioeconomic factors among Slovenian adults. We used Slovenian national data from the 19-country Health Literacy Survey 2019–2021 (HLS19) (<i>n</i> = 3360). Results indicate that health literacy plays a complex role in mediating the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and FV intake. Women and financially stable individuals have higher levels of health literacy, which positively predicts higher FV intake. While older individuals demonstrated greater FV intake, they reported lower health literacy, suggesting other mechanisms may drive their dietary behavior. Additionally, while higher education was associated with improved health literacy, its direct relationship with FV intake was negative, though health literacy partially mitigated this effect. These results underscore the importance of health literacy as a mediating factor in improving dietary behaviors and highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies to enhance nutritional education, particularly for marginalized groups.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/378health literacyfruit and vegetable intakemediation analysesdemographic and socioeconomic inequalities
spellingShingle Andrej Kirbiš
Stefani Branilović
Maruša Lubej
Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
Foods
health literacy
fruit and vegetable intake
mediation analyses
demographic and socioeconomic inequalities
title Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
title_full Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
title_fullStr Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
title_full_unstemmed Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
title_short Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
title_sort does health literacy mediate sociodemographic and economic inequalities in fruit and vegetable intake an analysis of slovenian national hls19 survey data
topic health literacy
fruit and vegetable intake
mediation analyses
demographic and socioeconomic inequalities
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/378
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