A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema

Introduction: Sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE), also known as flash pulmonary edema or hypertensive acute heart failure, is a critical condition characterized by a rapid escalation of sympathetic outflow, excessive afterload, and worsening heart failure. Although rare, contrast med...

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Main Authors: Clates P. Adams, Christian I Wade
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eScholarship Publishing, University of California 2025-05-01
Series:Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine
Online Access:https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n68h8d3
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author Clates P. Adams
Christian I Wade
author_facet Clates P. Adams
Christian I Wade
author_sort Clates P. Adams
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE), also known as flash pulmonary edema or hypertensive acute heart failure, is a critical condition characterized by a rapid escalation of sympathetic outflow, excessive afterload, and worsening heart failure. Although rare, contrast media-induced pulmonary edema is a severe adverse reaction, occurring in 0.001–0.008% of patients receiving intravenous contrast and accounting for 10–20% of lethal contrast reactions. Case Report: A 70-year-old male developed acute respiratory distress shortly after undergoing an outpatient, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Despite treatment for suspected anaphylaxis, the patient’s condition continued to deteriorate until a diagnosis of SCAPE was ultimately recognized. Treatment with high-dose nitroglycerin, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and eventual intubation resulted in the patient’s full recovery. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of recognizing SCAPE in patients presenting with sudden dyspnea after contrast administration and emphasizes the need for early intervention with NIPPV and vasodilators to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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spelling doaj-art-ff25b998c4cf4785a21151a97f97f30c2025-08-20T04:02:41ZengeScholarship Publishing, University of CaliforniaClinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine2474-252X2025-05-019328228410.5811/cpcem.38444cpcem-9-282A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary EdemaClates P. Adams0Christian I Wade1Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, WashingtonBrooke Army Medical Center, The San Antonio Uniformed Service Health Education Consortium, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio, TexasIntroduction: Sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE), also known as flash pulmonary edema or hypertensive acute heart failure, is a critical condition characterized by a rapid escalation of sympathetic outflow, excessive afterload, and worsening heart failure. Although rare, contrast media-induced pulmonary edema is a severe adverse reaction, occurring in 0.001–0.008% of patients receiving intravenous contrast and accounting for 10–20% of lethal contrast reactions. Case Report: A 70-year-old male developed acute respiratory distress shortly after undergoing an outpatient, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Despite treatment for suspected anaphylaxis, the patient’s condition continued to deteriorate until a diagnosis of SCAPE was ultimately recognized. Treatment with high-dose nitroglycerin, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and eventual intubation resulted in the patient’s full recovery. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of recognizing SCAPE in patients presenting with sudden dyspnea after contrast administration and emphasizes the need for early intervention with NIPPV and vasodilators to reduce morbidity and mortality.https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n68h8d3
spellingShingle Clates P. Adams
Christian I Wade
A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema
Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine
title A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema
title_full A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema
title_fullStr A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema
title_full_unstemmed A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema
title_short A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema
title_sort rare case report of contrast media induced sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema
url https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n68h8d3
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