In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Gel
<i>Candida</i> forms a gel-like biofilm in the Foley’s catheter (FC) causing tenacious biofouling and severe urinary tract infections (UTIs). For the first time, a spice extract-based antifungal lock therapy (ALT) has been developed to inhibit the <i>Candida albicans</i> gel...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Bindu Sadanandan Vaniyamparambath Vijayalakshmi Kalidas Shetty Adithya Rathish Harshala Shivkumar Malavika Gundreddy Nikhil Kumar Kagganti Narendra Nethra Machamada Devaiah |
| author_facet | Bindu Sadanandan Vaniyamparambath Vijayalakshmi Kalidas Shetty Adithya Rathish Harshala Shivkumar Malavika Gundreddy Nikhil Kumar Kagganti Narendra Nethra Machamada Devaiah |
| author_sort | Bindu Sadanandan |
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| description | <i>Candida</i> forms a gel-like biofilm in the Foley’s catheter (FC) causing tenacious biofouling and severe urinary tract infections (UTIs). For the first time, a spice extract-based antifungal lock therapy (ALT) has been developed to inhibit the <i>Candida albicans</i> gel matrix in FC. Aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry were used as ALT lock solutions and tested against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of <i>C. albicans</i>. Reduction in the gel matrices formation in the catheter was confirmed by Point inoculation, MTT assay, CFU, and SEM analysis at 12 and 24 h of incubation. Garlic was effective in controlling both <i>C. albicans</i> M207 and <i>C. albicans</i> S470; however, clove and gooseberry effectively controlled the latter. As evidenced by CFU assay, there were 82.85% and 99.68% reductions in the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> M207 and S470, respectively, at 24 h of incubation. SEM revealed a switch from the biofilm to the yeast mode and a drastic reduction in cell numbers, with mostly clumped or lysed cells. The study will provide an impetus to the development of novel spice extract-based ALT, reducing the selection pressure on the pathogen and lowering antimicrobial resistance. Further research in this area has the potential to leverage clinical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe883a5686ee400fa04d74e3763a4448 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fe883a5686ee400fa04d74e3763a44482025-01-24T13:33:48ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-01-011112310.3390/gels11010023In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm GelBindu Sadanandan0Vaniyamparambath Vijayalakshmi1Kalidas Shetty2Adithya Rathish3Harshala Shivkumar4Malavika Gundreddy5Nikhil Kumar Kagganti Narendra6Nethra Machamada Devaiah7Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USADepartment of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India<i>Candida</i> forms a gel-like biofilm in the Foley’s catheter (FC) causing tenacious biofouling and severe urinary tract infections (UTIs). For the first time, a spice extract-based antifungal lock therapy (ALT) has been developed to inhibit the <i>Candida albicans</i> gel matrix in FC. Aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry were used as ALT lock solutions and tested against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of <i>C. albicans</i>. Reduction in the gel matrices formation in the catheter was confirmed by Point inoculation, MTT assay, CFU, and SEM analysis at 12 and 24 h of incubation. Garlic was effective in controlling both <i>C. albicans</i> M207 and <i>C. albicans</i> S470; however, clove and gooseberry effectively controlled the latter. As evidenced by CFU assay, there were 82.85% and 99.68% reductions in the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> M207 and S470, respectively, at 24 h of incubation. SEM revealed a switch from the biofilm to the yeast mode and a drastic reduction in cell numbers, with mostly clumped or lysed cells. The study will provide an impetus to the development of novel spice extract-based ALT, reducing the selection pressure on the pathogen and lowering antimicrobial resistance. Further research in this area has the potential to leverage clinical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/23antifungal lock therapyin situFoley’s cathetergelbiofilmspice extract |
| spellingShingle | Bindu Sadanandan Vaniyamparambath Vijayalakshmi Kalidas Shetty Adithya Rathish Harshala Shivkumar Malavika Gundreddy Nikhil Kumar Kagganti Narendra Nethra Machamada Devaiah In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Gel Gels antifungal lock therapy in situ Foley’s catheter gel biofilm spice extract |
| title | In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Gel |
| title_full | In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Gel |
| title_fullStr | In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Gel |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Gel |
| title_short | In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley’s Catheter Biofouled with <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm Gel |
| title_sort | in situ aqueous spice extract based antifungal lock strategy for salvage of foley s catheter biofouled with i candida albicans i biofilm gel |
| topic | antifungal lock therapy in situ Foley’s catheter gel biofilm spice extract |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/1/23 |
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