Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study
Abstract Situational factors can influence cognitive performance and should be considered for conducting cognitive assessments. The objective of this project was to develop a checklist for Cognitive Assessment Requirements (CARE) to identify these situational factors before conducting cognitive asse...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87380-2 |
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| author | Vahid Nejati Reza Estaji Vicent Balanzá-Martínez David A Balota Suzanne Barker-Collo Morris Bell Jacquelyn H Berry Khatereh Borhani Munro Cullum Anthony Feinstein Charles J Golden Raul Gonzalez Jordan Henry Grafman Steven D Hollon Petra Jansen Nicole A Kochan Ryan Van Patten Olivier Piguet Sarah A Raskin Sean B. Rourke Andrew Scholey Yaakov Stern Steven Paul Woods Michael I. Posner |
| author_facet | Vahid Nejati Reza Estaji Vicent Balanzá-Martínez David A Balota Suzanne Barker-Collo Morris Bell Jacquelyn H Berry Khatereh Borhani Munro Cullum Anthony Feinstein Charles J Golden Raul Gonzalez Jordan Henry Grafman Steven D Hollon Petra Jansen Nicole A Kochan Ryan Van Patten Olivier Piguet Sarah A Raskin Sean B. Rourke Andrew Scholey Yaakov Stern Steven Paul Woods Michael I. Posner |
| author_sort | Vahid Nejati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Situational factors can influence cognitive performance and should be considered for conducting cognitive assessments. The objective of this project was to develop a checklist for Cognitive Assessment Requirements (CARE) to identify these situational factors before conducting cognitive assessments and account for them. This study employed a four-round Delphi approach involving 22 experts to identify situational factors that can impact cognitive assessment results. The development of a robust and well-balanced checklist was guided by a consensus-driven approach, which considered metrics such as Interquartile Deviation (IQD) (> 1.00), Percentage of Positive Responses (PPR, above 60%), and mean importance ratings (< 3 on a 5-point Likert scale) to assess both degree of agreement and item importance. Consensus was reached, leading to a 14-item checklist to evaluate cognitive assessment requirements. These items were categorized into six groups: Acute Illness or Physical Discomfort, Medication Effects and Substance Use, Sleep Quality and Fatigue, Emotional State, Language factors, and Environmental factors. The CARE can be employed prior to cognitive assessments to identify situational factors of relevance to the individual client, thereby creating a more favorable environment for cognitive evaluation, and enhancing the reliability of the assessment findings. Furthermore, the CARE can help determine the level of confidence in the results by assessing whether the conditions are conducive to testing or if situational factors may undermine the validity of the evaluation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe878db913f843ebaaece5713ac0fd53 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe878db913f843ebaaece5713ac0fd532025-01-26T12:30:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-87380-2Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus studyVahid Nejati0Reza Estaji1Vicent Balanzá-Martínez2David A Balota3Suzanne Barker-Collo4Morris Bell5Jacquelyn H Berry6Khatereh Borhani7Munro Cullum8Anthony Feinstein9Charles J Golden10Raul Gonzalez11Jordan Henry Grafman12Steven D Hollon13Petra Jansen14Nicole A Kochan15Ryan Van Patten16Olivier Piguet17Sarah A Raskin18Sean B. Rourke19Andrew Scholey20Yaakov Stern21Steven Paul Woods22Michael I. Posner23Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityTeaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, INCLIVADepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington UniversitySchool of Psychology, University of AucklandSchool of Medicine, Yale UniversityDepartment of Psychology, The American University in CairoInstitute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern MedicalSunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of TorontoCenter for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Florida International UniversityFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt UniversityInstitute of Sport Science, University of RegensburgDiscipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW SydneyCenter for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversitySchool of Psychology, Brain & Mind Centre, The University of SydneyDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Trinity CollegeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of TorontoDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsDepartment of Psychology, University of HoustonDepartment of Psychology, University of OregonAbstract Situational factors can influence cognitive performance and should be considered for conducting cognitive assessments. The objective of this project was to develop a checklist for Cognitive Assessment Requirements (CARE) to identify these situational factors before conducting cognitive assessments and account for them. This study employed a four-round Delphi approach involving 22 experts to identify situational factors that can impact cognitive assessment results. The development of a robust and well-balanced checklist was guided by a consensus-driven approach, which considered metrics such as Interquartile Deviation (IQD) (> 1.00), Percentage of Positive Responses (PPR, above 60%), and mean importance ratings (< 3 on a 5-point Likert scale) to assess both degree of agreement and item importance. Consensus was reached, leading to a 14-item checklist to evaluate cognitive assessment requirements. These items were categorized into six groups: Acute Illness or Physical Discomfort, Medication Effects and Substance Use, Sleep Quality and Fatigue, Emotional State, Language factors, and Environmental factors. The CARE can be employed prior to cognitive assessments to identify situational factors of relevance to the individual client, thereby creating a more favorable environment for cognitive evaluation, and enhancing the reliability of the assessment findings. Furthermore, the CARE can help determine the level of confidence in the results by assessing whether the conditions are conducive to testing or if situational factors may undermine the validity of the evaluation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87380-2Cognitive assessmentNeuropsychological assessmentSituational factorsDelphi consensus |
| spellingShingle | Vahid Nejati Reza Estaji Vicent Balanzá-Martínez David A Balota Suzanne Barker-Collo Morris Bell Jacquelyn H Berry Khatereh Borhani Munro Cullum Anthony Feinstein Charles J Golden Raul Gonzalez Jordan Henry Grafman Steven D Hollon Petra Jansen Nicole A Kochan Ryan Van Patten Olivier Piguet Sarah A Raskin Sean B. Rourke Andrew Scholey Yaakov Stern Steven Paul Woods Michael I. Posner Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study Scientific Reports Cognitive assessment Neuropsychological assessment Situational factors Delphi consensus |
| title | Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study |
| title_full | Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study |
| title_fullStr | Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study |
| title_short | Development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements (CARE) based on a Delphi consensus study |
| title_sort | development of a checklist for cognitive assessment requirements care based on a delphi consensus study |
| topic | Cognitive assessment Neuropsychological assessment Situational factors Delphi consensus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87380-2 |
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