Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance
Most mosquito surveillance programs rely on traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to attract host-seeking mosquitoes. The source of CO<sub>2</sub>, traditionally dry ice or gas cylinders, poses operational challenges, especially in remote locations. CO<sub>2...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| author | Christine Hong Victoria J. Brookes Ruth N. Zadoks Cameron E. Webb |
| author_facet | Christine Hong Victoria J. Brookes Ruth N. Zadoks Cameron E. Webb |
| author_sort | Christine Hong |
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| description | Most mosquito surveillance programs rely on traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to attract host-seeking mosquitoes. The source of CO<sub>2</sub>, traditionally dry ice or gas cylinders, poses operational challenges, especially in remote locations. CO<sub>2</sub> production from citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) using low-cost intravenous fluid bags (‘acid traps’) was evaluated in laboratory experiments. Field trials then compared the efficacy of these acid traps with dry ice traps. Using a 2 × 2 Latin square style design, trapping locations were established at two sites in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (one urban and another peri-urban), to assess trap performance in diverse environments. The laboratory results showed CO<sub>2</sub> production of sufficient amount and duration for overnight mosquito capture. Whilst field experiments showed that dry ice traps captured more mosquitoes (up to 59%) than acid traps, numbers were similar in the urban environment. At both sites, species composition was similar, with <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>, <i>Aedes notoscriptus</i>, and <i>Aedes vigilax</i> predominantly collected, and these are known species of pest and public health concern. Further modifications to the acid traps could further improve CO<sub>2</sub> output and trap efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fdb1cd98c35e41a68f878ab95b199461 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-fdb1cd98c35e41a68f878ab95b1994612025-01-24T13:35:52ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-01-011619010.3390/insects16010090Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito SurveillanceChristine Hong0Victoria J. Brookes1Ruth N. Zadoks2Cameron E. Webb3Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, AustraliaSydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, AustraliaSydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, AustraliaSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, AustraliaMost mosquito surveillance programs rely on traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to attract host-seeking mosquitoes. The source of CO<sub>2</sub>, traditionally dry ice or gas cylinders, poses operational challenges, especially in remote locations. CO<sub>2</sub> production from citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) using low-cost intravenous fluid bags (‘acid traps’) was evaluated in laboratory experiments. Field trials then compared the efficacy of these acid traps with dry ice traps. Using a 2 × 2 Latin square style design, trapping locations were established at two sites in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (one urban and another peri-urban), to assess trap performance in diverse environments. The laboratory results showed CO<sub>2</sub> production of sufficient amount and duration for overnight mosquito capture. Whilst field experiments showed that dry ice traps captured more mosquitoes (up to 59%) than acid traps, numbers were similar in the urban environment. At both sites, species composition was similar, with <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>, <i>Aedes notoscriptus</i>, and <i>Aedes vigilax</i> predominantly collected, and these are known species of pest and public health concern. Further modifications to the acid traps could further improve CO<sub>2</sub> output and trap efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/90mosquito surveillancecitric acidsodium bicarbonatedry icecarbon dioxide production |
| spellingShingle | Christine Hong Victoria J. Brookes Ruth N. Zadoks Cameron E. Webb Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance Insects mosquito surveillance citric acid sodium bicarbonate dry ice carbon dioxide production |
| title | Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance |
| title_full | Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance |
| title_fullStr | Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance |
| title_short | Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance |
| title_sort | citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as an alternative carbon dioxide source for mosquito surveillance |
| topic | mosquito surveillance citric acid sodium bicarbonate dry ice carbon dioxide production |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/90 |
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