Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation
<b>Background/Objectives::</b> The link between serotonergic modulation and depression is under debate; however, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are still the first-choice medicine in this condition. Disturbances in time perception are also reported in depression with one of the beh...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/151 |
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| author | Olga Sysoeva Rauf Akhmirov Maria Zaichenko Ivan Lazarenko Anastasiya Rebik Nadezhda Broshevitskaja Inna Midzyanovskaya Kirill Smirnov |
| author_facet | Olga Sysoeva Rauf Akhmirov Maria Zaichenko Ivan Lazarenko Anastasiya Rebik Nadezhda Broshevitskaja Inna Midzyanovskaya Kirill Smirnov |
| author_sort | Olga Sysoeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives::</b> The link between serotonergic modulation and depression is under debate; however, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are still the first-choice medicine in this condition. Disturbances in time perception are also reported in depression with one of the behavioral schedules used to study interval timing, differential-reinforcement-learning-of-low-rate, having been shown to have high predictive validity for an antidepressant effect. Here, we introduce an IntelliCage research protocol of an interval bisection task that allows more ecologically valid and less time-consuming rodent examination and provides an example of its use to confirm the previously reported acute effect of an SRI, clomipramine, on interval timing (increase in bisection point, D50). <b>Methods:</b> Wistar male rats (<i>n</i> = 25, five groups of 5–8) were trained in the IntelliCage to discriminate between short (1 s) and long (4 s) LED light stimuli by nose poking at the corresponding (left/right) side of the IntelliCage chamber to obtain a drink. When 80% of correct responses were reached, the intermediate durations of 1.7, 2.5, and 3.3 s were introduced. The number of left/right choices for each stimulus and interval timing parameters (bisection point, D50, and timing precision), derived from them, were compared after saline and clomipramine (7 mg/kg, i.p) intraperitoneal administration. <b>Results</b>: Rats successfully learned the task within about a week of training. The slightly increased D50 after clomipramine confirmed previous studies. <b>Conclusions:</b> The introduced protocol has potential to be applicable to preclinical research on depression and potentially other psychopathology, where time perception can be disturbed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fda5f0d0916241e08f834b8c855e8de1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-fda5f0d0916241e08f834b8c855e8de12025-01-24T13:28:55ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-0115215110.3390/diagnostics15020151Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic ModulationOlga Sysoeva0Rauf Akhmirov1Maria Zaichenko2Ivan Lazarenko3Anastasiya Rebik4Nadezhda Broshevitskaja5Inna Midzyanovskaya6Kirill Smirnov7Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, Russia<b>Background/Objectives::</b> The link between serotonergic modulation and depression is under debate; however, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are still the first-choice medicine in this condition. Disturbances in time perception are also reported in depression with one of the behavioral schedules used to study interval timing, differential-reinforcement-learning-of-low-rate, having been shown to have high predictive validity for an antidepressant effect. Here, we introduce an IntelliCage research protocol of an interval bisection task that allows more ecologically valid and less time-consuming rodent examination and provides an example of its use to confirm the previously reported acute effect of an SRI, clomipramine, on interval timing (increase in bisection point, D50). <b>Methods:</b> Wistar male rats (<i>n</i> = 25, five groups of 5–8) were trained in the IntelliCage to discriminate between short (1 s) and long (4 s) LED light stimuli by nose poking at the corresponding (left/right) side of the IntelliCage chamber to obtain a drink. When 80% of correct responses were reached, the intermediate durations of 1.7, 2.5, and 3.3 s were introduced. The number of left/right choices for each stimulus and interval timing parameters (bisection point, D50, and timing precision), derived from them, were compared after saline and clomipramine (7 mg/kg, i.p) intraperitoneal administration. <b>Results</b>: Rats successfully learned the task within about a week of training. The slightly increased D50 after clomipramine confirmed previous studies. <b>Conclusions:</b> The introduced protocol has potential to be applicable to preclinical research on depression and potentially other psychopathology, where time perception can be disturbed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/151interval timingdepressionanimal modelIntelliCageserotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) |
| spellingShingle | Olga Sysoeva Rauf Akhmirov Maria Zaichenko Ivan Lazarenko Anastasiya Rebik Nadezhda Broshevitskaja Inna Midzyanovskaya Kirill Smirnov Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation Diagnostics interval timing depression animal model IntelliCage serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) |
| title | Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation |
| title_full | Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation |
| title_fullStr | Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation |
| title_short | Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation |
| title_sort | time perception test in intellicage system for preclinical study linking depression and serotonergic modulation |
| topic | interval timing depression animal model IntelliCage serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/151 |
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