Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions
Abstract The water hammer protection mechanisms for long-distance gravity-fed water transmission systems under complex terrain conditions remain inadequate. Current engineering practices commonly face issues such as insufficient negative pressure protection efficiency in multiple undulating pipe sec...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06161-z |
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| author | Xiaoying Zhang Chao Wang Lin Li Shaokang Bian |
| author_facet | Xiaoying Zhang Chao Wang Lin Li Shaokang Bian |
| author_sort | Xiaoying Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The water hammer protection mechanisms for long-distance gravity-fed water transmission systems under complex terrain conditions remain inadequate. Current engineering practices commonly face issues such as insufficient negative pressure protection efficiency in multiple undulating pipe sections and a lack of theoretical basis for parameter matching of protective facilities, which seriously jeopardize the operational safety of water transmission pipelines. This paper focuses on gravity flow water pipelines with significant terrain undulation. Employing the characteristic line method, a hydraulic transition process calculation model is established to examine protection by combining air valves with one-way surge towers. Besides, the quantity of one-way surge towers is determined based on negative pressure improvement. The study subsequently optimizes parameters including the tower diameter, outlet diameter, and effective depth of the one-way surge towers. The results demonstrate that the negative pressure of the pipeline is not substantially enhanced by adding distinct numbers of one-way surge towers. Provide the ranking of factors affecting the suppression of water hammer negative pressure in a one-way surge tower. An optimal parameter scheme for one-way surge towers exists, under which the peak of the pipeline’s lowest negative pressure is substantially reduced while optimizing the overall negative pressure distribution of the pipeline. The practical engineering protection schemes and the derived configuration guidelines for protective facilities in this study provide both theoretical foundations and practical engineering guidance for the water hammer protection design in water transmission projects under complex terrain conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd44dd07b9124e16b1cc64bb7bba74b0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd44dd07b9124e16b1cc64bb7bba74b02025-08-20T03:03:37ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-06161-zProtection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditionsXiaoying Zhang0Chao Wang1Lin Li2Shaokang Bian3College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityCollege of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityCollege of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityXinjiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey Design Institute Co., LtdAbstract The water hammer protection mechanisms for long-distance gravity-fed water transmission systems under complex terrain conditions remain inadequate. Current engineering practices commonly face issues such as insufficient negative pressure protection efficiency in multiple undulating pipe sections and a lack of theoretical basis for parameter matching of protective facilities, which seriously jeopardize the operational safety of water transmission pipelines. This paper focuses on gravity flow water pipelines with significant terrain undulation. Employing the characteristic line method, a hydraulic transition process calculation model is established to examine protection by combining air valves with one-way surge towers. Besides, the quantity of one-way surge towers is determined based on negative pressure improvement. The study subsequently optimizes parameters including the tower diameter, outlet diameter, and effective depth of the one-way surge towers. The results demonstrate that the negative pressure of the pipeline is not substantially enhanced by adding distinct numbers of one-way surge towers. Provide the ranking of factors affecting the suppression of water hammer negative pressure in a one-way surge tower. An optimal parameter scheme for one-way surge towers exists, under which the peak of the pipeline’s lowest negative pressure is substantially reduced while optimizing the overall negative pressure distribution of the pipeline. The practical engineering protection schemes and the derived configuration guidelines for protective facilities in this study provide both theoretical foundations and practical engineering guidance for the water hammer protection design in water transmission projects under complex terrain conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06161-zGravity flowWater hammerMulti-undulatingStructural optimizationOne-way surge tower |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoying Zhang Chao Wang Lin Li Shaokang Bian Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions Scientific Reports Gravity flow Water hammer Multi-undulating Structural optimization One-way surge tower |
| title | Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions |
| title_full | Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions |
| title_fullStr | Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions |
| title_short | Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions |
| title_sort | protection and parameter optimization of one way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions |
| topic | Gravity flow Water hammer Multi-undulating Structural optimization One-way surge tower |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06161-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaoyingzhang protectionandparameteroptimizationofonewaysurgetowerforwaterconveyancepipelinesundercomplexterrainconditions AT chaowang protectionandparameteroptimizationofonewaysurgetowerforwaterconveyancepipelinesundercomplexterrainconditions AT linli protectionandparameteroptimizationofonewaysurgetowerforwaterconveyancepipelinesundercomplexterrainconditions AT shaokangbian protectionandparameteroptimizationofonewaysurgetowerforwaterconveyancepipelinesundercomplexterrainconditions |