Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important stressors in chickens, and its adverse effects are primarily caused by disturbing the redox homeostasis. An increase in electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the major source of free radical production under HS, which trigge...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/4/471 |
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| author | Bikash Aryal Josephine Kwakye Oluwatomide W. Ariyo Ahmed F. A. Ghareeb Marie C. Milfort Alberta L. Fuller Saroj Khatiwada Romdhane Rekaya Samuel E. Aggrey |
| author_facet | Bikash Aryal Josephine Kwakye Oluwatomide W. Ariyo Ahmed F. A. Ghareeb Marie C. Milfort Alberta L. Fuller Saroj Khatiwada Romdhane Rekaya Samuel E. Aggrey |
| author_sort | Bikash Aryal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important stressors in chickens, and its adverse effects are primarily caused by disturbing the redox homeostasis. An increase in electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the major source of free radical production under HS, which triggers other enzymatic systems to generate more radicals. As a defense mechanism, cells have enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems that work cooperatively against free radicals. The generation of free radicals, particularly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), under HS condition outweighs the cellular antioxidant capacity, resulting in oxidative damage to macromolecules, including lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA. Understanding these detrimental oxidative processes and protective defense mechanisms is important in developing mitigation strategies against HS. This review summarizes the current understanding of major oxidative and antioxidant systems and their molecular mechanisms in generating or neutralizing the ROS/RNS. Importantly, this review explores the potential mechanisms that lead to the development of oxidative stress in heat-stressed chickens, highlighting their unique behavioral and physiological responses against thermal stress. Further, we summarize the major findings associated with these oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms in chickens. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd18ce1fe0e34b20b5f90a6d70c6352d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd18ce1fe0e34b20b5f90a6d70c6352d2025-08-20T03:14:16ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-04-0114447110.3390/antiox14040471Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in ChickensBikash Aryal0Josephine Kwakye1Oluwatomide W. Ariyo2Ahmed F. A. Ghareeb3Marie C. Milfort4Alberta L. Fuller5Saroj Khatiwada6Romdhane Rekaya7Samuel E. Aggrey8NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USANutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USANutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USANutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USANutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USANutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USADepartment of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USANutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAHeat stress (HS) is one of the most important stressors in chickens, and its adverse effects are primarily caused by disturbing the redox homeostasis. An increase in electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the major source of free radical production under HS, which triggers other enzymatic systems to generate more radicals. As a defense mechanism, cells have enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems that work cooperatively against free radicals. The generation of free radicals, particularly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), under HS condition outweighs the cellular antioxidant capacity, resulting in oxidative damage to macromolecules, including lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA. Understanding these detrimental oxidative processes and protective defense mechanisms is important in developing mitigation strategies against HS. This review summarizes the current understanding of major oxidative and antioxidant systems and their molecular mechanisms in generating or neutralizing the ROS/RNS. Importantly, this review explores the potential mechanisms that lead to the development of oxidative stress in heat-stressed chickens, highlighting their unique behavioral and physiological responses against thermal stress. Further, we summarize the major findings associated with these oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms in chickens.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/4/471heat stresschickensreactive oxygen speciesoxidative stressantioxidant mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Bikash Aryal Josephine Kwakye Oluwatomide W. Ariyo Ahmed F. A. Ghareeb Marie C. Milfort Alberta L. Fuller Saroj Khatiwada Romdhane Rekaya Samuel E. Aggrey Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens Antioxidants heat stress chickens reactive oxygen species oxidative stress antioxidant mechanisms |
| title | Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens |
| title_full | Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens |
| title_fullStr | Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens |
| title_short | Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens |
| title_sort | major oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms during heat stress induced oxidative stress in chickens |
| topic | heat stress chickens reactive oxygen species oxidative stress antioxidant mechanisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/4/471 |
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