Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal study
Abstract Background Recent studies have examined the effects of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on nerve regeneration, with some suggesting that BES accelerates facial nerve recovery. However, the facial nerve outcome measurement in these studies has not been precise or accurate. Furthermore, no...
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SAGE Publishing
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40463-018-0264-0 |
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| author | Adrian Mendez Alex Hopkins Vincent L. Biron Hadi Seikaly Lin Fu Zhu David W. J. Côté |
| author_facet | Adrian Mendez Alex Hopkins Vincent L. Biron Hadi Seikaly Lin Fu Zhu David W. J. Côté |
| author_sort | Adrian Mendez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Recent studies have examined the effects of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on nerve regeneration, with some suggesting that BES accelerates facial nerve recovery. However, the facial nerve outcome measurement in these studies has not been precise or accurate. Furthermore, no previous studies have been able to demonstrate the effect of BES on synkinesis. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on facial nerve function and synkinesis in a rat model. Methods Four groups of six rats underwent a facial nerve injury procedure. Group 1 and 2 underwent a crush injury at the main trunk of the nerve, with group 2 additionally receiving BES for 1 h. Group 3 and 4 underwent a transection injury at the main trunk, with group 4 additionally receiving BES for 1 h. A laser curtain model was used to measure amplitude of whisking at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Fluorogold and fluororuby neurotracers were additionally injected into each facial nerve to measure synkinesis. Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve were each injected with different neurotracers at 3 months following injury. Based on facial nucleus motoneuron labelling of untreated rats, comparison was made to post-treatment animals to deduce whether synkinesis had taken place. All animals underwent trans-cardiac perfusion with subsequent neural tissue sectioning. Results At week two, the amplitude observed for group 1 and 2 was 14.4 and 24.0 degrees, respectively (p = 0.0004). Group 4 also demonstrated improved whisking compared to group 3. Fluorescent neuroimaging labelling appear to confirm improved pathway specific regeneration with BES following facial nerve injury. Conclusions This is the first study to use an implantable stimulator for serial BES following a crush injury in a validated animal model. Results suggest performing BES after facial nerve injury is associated with accelerated facial nerve function and improved facial nerve specific pathway regeneration in a rat model. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1916-0216 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-fc68e9a68f5d4e71882ffe00d48073bc2025-02-03T10:54:13ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery1916-02162018-03-014711810.1186/s40463-018-0264-0Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal studyAdrian Mendez0Alex Hopkins1Vincent L. Biron2Hadi Seikaly3Lin Fu Zhu4David W. J. Côté5Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of AlbertaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of AlbertaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of AlbertaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of AlbertaFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of AlbertaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of AlbertaAbstract Background Recent studies have examined the effects of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on nerve regeneration, with some suggesting that BES accelerates facial nerve recovery. However, the facial nerve outcome measurement in these studies has not been precise or accurate. Furthermore, no previous studies have been able to demonstrate the effect of BES on synkinesis. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on facial nerve function and synkinesis in a rat model. Methods Four groups of six rats underwent a facial nerve injury procedure. Group 1 and 2 underwent a crush injury at the main trunk of the nerve, with group 2 additionally receiving BES for 1 h. Group 3 and 4 underwent a transection injury at the main trunk, with group 4 additionally receiving BES for 1 h. A laser curtain model was used to measure amplitude of whisking at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Fluorogold and fluororuby neurotracers were additionally injected into each facial nerve to measure synkinesis. Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve were each injected with different neurotracers at 3 months following injury. Based on facial nucleus motoneuron labelling of untreated rats, comparison was made to post-treatment animals to deduce whether synkinesis had taken place. All animals underwent trans-cardiac perfusion with subsequent neural tissue sectioning. Results At week two, the amplitude observed for group 1 and 2 was 14.4 and 24.0 degrees, respectively (p = 0.0004). Group 4 also demonstrated improved whisking compared to group 3. Fluorescent neuroimaging labelling appear to confirm improved pathway specific regeneration with BES following facial nerve injury. Conclusions This is the first study to use an implantable stimulator for serial BES following a crush injury in a validated animal model. Results suggest performing BES after facial nerve injury is associated with accelerated facial nerve function and improved facial nerve specific pathway regeneration in a rat model.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40463-018-0264-0SynkinesisBrief electrical stimulationFacial nervePeripheral nerve regenerationRegenerationPeripheral nerve injury |
| spellingShingle | Adrian Mendez Alex Hopkins Vincent L. Biron Hadi Seikaly Lin Fu Zhu David W. J. Côté Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal study Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Synkinesis Brief electrical stimulation Facial nerve Peripheral nerve regeneration Regeneration Peripheral nerve injury |
| title | Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal study |
| title_full | Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal study |
| title_fullStr | Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal study |
| title_short | Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: a randomized prospective animal study |
| title_sort | brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury a randomized prospective animal study |
| topic | Synkinesis Brief electrical stimulation Facial nerve Peripheral nerve regeneration Regeneration Peripheral nerve injury |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40463-018-0264-0 |
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