Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point
With the highly anticipated results from the Beam Energy Scan II program at RHIC being recently revealed, an understanding of particle-number fluctuations and their significance as a potential signature of a possible QCD critical point is crucial. Early works that embarked on this endeavor sought to...
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EDP Sciences
2025-01-01
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| Series: | EPJ Web of Conferences |
| Online Access: | https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2025/01/epjconf_sqm2024_06016.pdf |
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| author | Karthein Jamie M. Pradeep Maneesha Rajagopal Krishna Stephanov Mikhail Yin Yi |
| author_facet | Karthein Jamie M. Pradeep Maneesha Rajagopal Krishna Stephanov Mikhail Yin Yi |
| author_sort | Karthein Jamie M. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the highly anticipated results from the Beam Energy Scan II program at RHIC being recently revealed, an understanding of particle-number fluctuations and their significance as a potential signature of a possible QCD critical point is crucial. Early works that embarked on this endeavor sought to estimate the fluctuations due to the presence of a critical point assuming they stay in equilibrium. From these results came the proposal to focus efforts on higher, non-Gaussian, moments of the event-by-event distributions, in particular of the number of protons. These non-Gaussian moments are especially sensitive to critical fluctuations, as their magnitudes are proportional to high powers of the critical correlation length. As the equation of state provides key input for hydrodynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions, we estimate equilibrium fluctuations from the BEST equation of state (EoS) that includes critical features from the 3D Ising Model. In particular, the proton factorial cumulants and their dependence on non-universal mapping parameters is investigated within the BEST EoS. Furthermore, the correlation length, as a central quantity for the assessment of fluctuations in the vicinity of a critical point, is also calculated in a consistent manner with the scaling equation of state. An understanding of the equilibrium estimates of proton factorial cumulants will be useful for further comparison to estimates of out-of-equilibrium fluctuations in order to determine the magnitude of the observable fluctuations to be expected in heavyion collision experiments, in which the time spent near a critical point is short. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fc21304719e84e25aca39745a9a5ba57 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2100-014X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EPJ Web of Conferences |
| spelling | doaj-art-fc21304719e84e25aca39745a9a5ba572025-02-05T10:53:02ZengEDP SciencesEPJ Web of Conferences2100-014X2025-01-013160601610.1051/epjconf/202531606016epjconf_sqm2024_06016Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical pointKarthein Jamie M.0Pradeep Maneesha1Rajagopal Krishna2Stephanov Mikhail3Yin Yi4Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Physics, University of MarylandCenter for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Physics, University of IllinoisSchool of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong KongWith the highly anticipated results from the Beam Energy Scan II program at RHIC being recently revealed, an understanding of particle-number fluctuations and their significance as a potential signature of a possible QCD critical point is crucial. Early works that embarked on this endeavor sought to estimate the fluctuations due to the presence of a critical point assuming they stay in equilibrium. From these results came the proposal to focus efforts on higher, non-Gaussian, moments of the event-by-event distributions, in particular of the number of protons. These non-Gaussian moments are especially sensitive to critical fluctuations, as their magnitudes are proportional to high powers of the critical correlation length. As the equation of state provides key input for hydrodynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions, we estimate equilibrium fluctuations from the BEST equation of state (EoS) that includes critical features from the 3D Ising Model. In particular, the proton factorial cumulants and their dependence on non-universal mapping parameters is investigated within the BEST EoS. Furthermore, the correlation length, as a central quantity for the assessment of fluctuations in the vicinity of a critical point, is also calculated in a consistent manner with the scaling equation of state. An understanding of the equilibrium estimates of proton factorial cumulants will be useful for further comparison to estimates of out-of-equilibrium fluctuations in order to determine the magnitude of the observable fluctuations to be expected in heavyion collision experiments, in which the time spent near a critical point is short.https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2025/01/epjconf_sqm2024_06016.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Karthein Jamie M. Pradeep Maneesha Rajagopal Krishna Stephanov Mikhail Yin Yi Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point EPJ Web of Conferences |
| title | Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point |
| title_full | Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point |
| title_fullStr | Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point |
| title_full_unstemmed | Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point |
| title_short | Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point |
| title_sort | equilibrium expectations for non gaussian fluctuations near a qcd critical point |
| url | https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2025/01/epjconf_sqm2024_06016.pdf |
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