Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Objective To examine changes in the prevalence of six key chronic disease risk factors (the “Big 6”), from before (2019) to during (2021) the COVID-19 pandemic, among a large and geographically diverse sample of adolescents, and whether differences over time are associated with lockdown status and g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2022-06-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e060309.full |
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| author | Nicola Clare Newton Maree Teesson Jennifer Debenham Cath Chapman Bridie Osman Lauren Anne Gardner Fiona Elizabeth Wylie Katrina Elizabeth Champion |
| author_facet | Nicola Clare Newton Maree Teesson Jennifer Debenham Cath Chapman Bridie Osman Lauren Anne Gardner Fiona Elizabeth Wylie Katrina Elizabeth Champion |
| author_sort | Nicola Clare Newton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To examine changes in the prevalence of six key chronic disease risk factors (the “Big 6”), from before (2019) to during (2021) the COVID-19 pandemic, among a large and geographically diverse sample of adolescents, and whether differences over time are associated with lockdown status and gender.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting Three Australian states (New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia) spanning over 3000 km.Participants 983 adolescents (baseline Mage=12.6, SD=0.5, 54.8% girl) drawn from the control group of the Health4Life Study.Primary outcomes The prevalence of physical inactivity, poor diet (insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, high sugar-sweetened beverage intake, high discretionary food intake), poor sleep, excessive recreational screen time, alcohol use and tobacco use.Results The prevalence of excessive recreational screen time (prevalence ratios (PR)=1.06, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.11), insufficient fruit intake (PR=1.50, 95% CI=1.26 to 1.79), and alcohol (PR=4.34, 95% CI=2.82 to 6.67) and tobacco use (PR=4.05 95% CI=1.86 to 8.84) increased over the 2-year period, with alcohol use increasing more among girls (PR=2.34, 95% CI=1.19 to 4.62). The prevalence of insufficient sleep declined across the full sample (PR=0.74, 95% CI=0.68 to 0.81); however, increased among girls (PR=1.24, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.41). The prevalence of high sugar-sweetened beverage (PR=0.61, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.83) and discretionary food consumption (PR=0.73, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.83) reduced among those subjected to stay-at-home orders, compared with those not in lockdown.Conclusion Lifestyle risk behaviours, particularly excessive recreational screen time, poor diet, physical inactivity and poor sleep, are prevalent among adolescents. Young people must be supported to find ways to improve or maintain their health, regardless of the course of the pandemic. Targeted approaches to support groups that may be disproportionately impacted, such as adolescent girls, are needed.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123) |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fbd9c9e163264167b052bcdcc71fa78b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-fbd9c9e163264167b052bcdcc71fa78b2025-01-27T23:35:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552022-06-0112610.1136/bmjopen-2021-060309Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemicNicola Clare Newton0Maree Teesson1Jennifer Debenham2Cath Chapman3Bridie Osman4Lauren Anne Gardner5Fiona Elizabeth Wylie6Katrina Elizabeth Champion71 The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, AustraliaThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, AustraliaThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia2 Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaThe Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, AustraliaObjective To examine changes in the prevalence of six key chronic disease risk factors (the “Big 6”), from before (2019) to during (2021) the COVID-19 pandemic, among a large and geographically diverse sample of adolescents, and whether differences over time are associated with lockdown status and gender.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting Three Australian states (New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia) spanning over 3000 km.Participants 983 adolescents (baseline Mage=12.6, SD=0.5, 54.8% girl) drawn from the control group of the Health4Life Study.Primary outcomes The prevalence of physical inactivity, poor diet (insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, high sugar-sweetened beverage intake, high discretionary food intake), poor sleep, excessive recreational screen time, alcohol use and tobacco use.Results The prevalence of excessive recreational screen time (prevalence ratios (PR)=1.06, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.11), insufficient fruit intake (PR=1.50, 95% CI=1.26 to 1.79), and alcohol (PR=4.34, 95% CI=2.82 to 6.67) and tobacco use (PR=4.05 95% CI=1.86 to 8.84) increased over the 2-year period, with alcohol use increasing more among girls (PR=2.34, 95% CI=1.19 to 4.62). The prevalence of insufficient sleep declined across the full sample (PR=0.74, 95% CI=0.68 to 0.81); however, increased among girls (PR=1.24, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.41). The prevalence of high sugar-sweetened beverage (PR=0.61, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.83) and discretionary food consumption (PR=0.73, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.83) reduced among those subjected to stay-at-home orders, compared with those not in lockdown.Conclusion Lifestyle risk behaviours, particularly excessive recreational screen time, poor diet, physical inactivity and poor sleep, are prevalent among adolescents. Young people must be supported to find ways to improve or maintain their health, regardless of the course of the pandemic. Targeted approaches to support groups that may be disproportionately impacted, such as adolescent girls, are needed.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123)https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e060309.full |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Clare Newton Maree Teesson Jennifer Debenham Cath Chapman Bridie Osman Lauren Anne Gardner Fiona Elizabeth Wylie Katrina Elizabeth Champion Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic BMJ Open |
| title | Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full | Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_short | Lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_sort | lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents a two year longitudinal study of the impact of the covid 19 pandemic |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e060309.full |
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