Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review.
<h4>Background</h4>Intentional and unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability globally. International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes are used to classify injuries in administrative health data and are widely used for health care pl...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298411&type=printable |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832540154188791808 |
|---|---|
| author | Sarah Paleczny Nosakhare Osagie Jai Sethi Michael Cusimano |
| author_facet | Sarah Paleczny Nosakhare Osagie Jai Sethi Michael Cusimano |
| author_sort | Sarah Paleczny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Intentional and unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability globally. International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes are used to classify injuries in administrative health data and are widely used for health care planning and delivery, research, and policy. However, a systematic review of their overall validity and reliability has not yet been done.<h4>Objective</h4>To conduct a systematic review of the validity and reliability of external cause injury ICD-10 codes.<h4>Methods</h4>MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS were searched (inception to April 2023) for validity and/or reliability studies of ICD-10 external cause injury codes in all countries for all ages. We examined all available data for external cause injuries and injuries related to specific body regions. Validity was defined by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Reliability was defined by inter-rater reliability (IRR), measured by Krippendorff's alpha, Cohen's Kappa, and/or Fleiss' kappa.<h4>Results</h4>Twenty-seven published studies from 2006 to 2023 were included. Across all injuries, the mean outcome values and ranges were sensitivity: 61.6% (35.5%-96.0%), specificity: 91.6% (85.8%-100%), PPV: 74.9% (58.6%-96.5%), NPV: 80.2% (44.6%-94.4%), Cohen's kappa: 0.672 (0.480-0.928), Krippendorff's alpha: 0.453, and Fleiss' kappa: 0.630. Poisoning and hand and wrist injuries had higher mean sensitivity (84.4% and 96.0%, respectively), while self-harm and spinal cord injuries were lower (35.5% and 36.4%, respectively). Transport and pedestrian injuries and hand and wrist injuries had high PPVs (96.5% and 92.0%, respectively). Specificity and NPV were generally high, except for abuse (NPV 44.6%).<h4>Conclusions and significance</h4>The validity and reliability of ICD-10 external cause injury codes vary based on the injury types coded and the outcomes examined, and overall, they only perform moderately well. Future work, potentially utilizing artificial intelligence, may improve the validity and reliability of ICD codes used to document injuries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fba34c9f008648ecb72a618c415025cf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-fba34c9f008648ecb72a618c415025cf2025-02-05T05:32:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01192e029841110.1371/journal.pone.0298411Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review.Sarah PalecznyNosakhare OsagieJai SethiMichael Cusimano<h4>Background</h4>Intentional and unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability globally. International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes are used to classify injuries in administrative health data and are widely used for health care planning and delivery, research, and policy. However, a systematic review of their overall validity and reliability has not yet been done.<h4>Objective</h4>To conduct a systematic review of the validity and reliability of external cause injury ICD-10 codes.<h4>Methods</h4>MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS were searched (inception to April 2023) for validity and/or reliability studies of ICD-10 external cause injury codes in all countries for all ages. We examined all available data for external cause injuries and injuries related to specific body regions. Validity was defined by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Reliability was defined by inter-rater reliability (IRR), measured by Krippendorff's alpha, Cohen's Kappa, and/or Fleiss' kappa.<h4>Results</h4>Twenty-seven published studies from 2006 to 2023 were included. Across all injuries, the mean outcome values and ranges were sensitivity: 61.6% (35.5%-96.0%), specificity: 91.6% (85.8%-100%), PPV: 74.9% (58.6%-96.5%), NPV: 80.2% (44.6%-94.4%), Cohen's kappa: 0.672 (0.480-0.928), Krippendorff's alpha: 0.453, and Fleiss' kappa: 0.630. Poisoning and hand and wrist injuries had higher mean sensitivity (84.4% and 96.0%, respectively), while self-harm and spinal cord injuries were lower (35.5% and 36.4%, respectively). Transport and pedestrian injuries and hand and wrist injuries had high PPVs (96.5% and 92.0%, respectively). Specificity and NPV were generally high, except for abuse (NPV 44.6%).<h4>Conclusions and significance</h4>The validity and reliability of ICD-10 external cause injury codes vary based on the injury types coded and the outcomes examined, and overall, they only perform moderately well. Future work, potentially utilizing artificial intelligence, may improve the validity and reliability of ICD codes used to document injuries.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298411&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Paleczny Nosakhare Osagie Jai Sethi Michael Cusimano Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review. PLoS ONE |
| title | Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review. |
| title_full | Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review. |
| title_fullStr | Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review. |
| title_short | Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review. |
| title_sort | validity and reliability international classification of diseases 10 codes for all forms of injury a systematic review |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298411&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarahpaleczny validityandreliabilityinternationalclassificationofdiseases10codesforallformsofinjuryasystematicreview AT nosakhareosagie validityandreliabilityinternationalclassificationofdiseases10codesforallformsofinjuryasystematicreview AT jaisethi validityandreliabilityinternationalclassificationofdiseases10codesforallformsofinjuryasystematicreview AT michaelcusimano validityandreliabilityinternationalclassificationofdiseases10codesforallformsofinjuryasystematicreview |