Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6G

The programmability of radio access networks was already introduced in the fifth generation of mobile networks by leading the pathway towards the Open RAN. To cater the stringent requirements emerging with the novel services and use cases, Open RAN is becoming integral to 6G as well. The most highli...

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Main Authors: Pawani Porambage, Maria Christopoulou, Bin Han, Mohammad Asif Habibi, Hanna Bogucka, Pawel Kryszkiewicz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10807044/
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author Pawani Porambage
Maria Christopoulou
Bin Han
Mohammad Asif Habibi
Hanna Bogucka
Pawel Kryszkiewicz
author_facet Pawani Porambage
Maria Christopoulou
Bin Han
Mohammad Asif Habibi
Hanna Bogucka
Pawel Kryszkiewicz
author_sort Pawani Porambage
collection DOAJ
description The programmability of radio access networks was already introduced in the fifth generation of mobile networks by leading the pathway towards the Open RAN. To cater the stringent requirements emerging with the novel services and use cases, Open RAN is becoming integral to 6G as well. The most highlighted characteristics of Open RAN such as disaggregated architecture, cloudification of network functions, open interfaces, and intelligent network management are also associated with many challenges related to the security of the end-to-end telco networks. Most existing research works and specifications focus on security in Open RAN in 5G. In this paper, we discuss the role of Open RAN in 6G focusing on three aspects such as security, privacy, and trust, while highlighting their emerging trends and relevance to 6G. Our contributions include presenting a holistic view of Open RAN security within the 6G ecosystem, with insights into use case and stakeholder perspectives and standardization efforts. This includes a concise update on Open RAN security in the 5G era and their applicability to 6G exploration. Moreover, we identify the key research endeavors focused on privacy and trust in Open RAN, with an emphasis on their development toward 6G. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of incorporating energy awareness, quantum-safe solutions, and other emerging technological enablers with Open RAN security.
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spelling doaj-art-fb5c1b5c9ccd46b9b3c8fb2d7d7b6e1d2025-08-20T02:26:47ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society2644-125X2025-01-01633236110.1109/OJCOMS.2024.351972510807044Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6GPawani Porambage0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-8424Maria Christopoulou1Bin Han2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2086-2487Mohammad Asif Habibi3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9874-0047Hanna Bogucka4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-4862Pawel Kryszkiewicz5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-9416VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, FinlandNational Centre of Scientific Research “Demokritos,”, Athens, GreeceUniversity of Kaiserslautern (RPTU), Kaiserslautern, GermanyUniversity of Kaiserslautern (RPTU), Kaiserslautern, GermanyPoznan University of Technology, Poznań, PolandPoznan University of Technology, Poznań, PolandThe programmability of radio access networks was already introduced in the fifth generation of mobile networks by leading the pathway towards the Open RAN. To cater the stringent requirements emerging with the novel services and use cases, Open RAN is becoming integral to 6G as well. The most highlighted characteristics of Open RAN such as disaggregated architecture, cloudification of network functions, open interfaces, and intelligent network management are also associated with many challenges related to the security of the end-to-end telco networks. Most existing research works and specifications focus on security in Open RAN in 5G. In this paper, we discuss the role of Open RAN in 6G focusing on three aspects such as security, privacy, and trust, while highlighting their emerging trends and relevance to 6G. Our contributions include presenting a holistic view of Open RAN security within the 6G ecosystem, with insights into use case and stakeholder perspectives and standardization efforts. This includes a concise update on Open RAN security in the 5G era and their applicability to 6G exploration. Moreover, we identify the key research endeavors focused on privacy and trust in Open RAN, with an emphasis on their development toward 6G. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of incorporating energy awareness, quantum-safe solutions, and other emerging technological enablers with Open RAN security.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10807044/Open radio access networksecurityprivacytrust6G
spellingShingle Pawani Porambage
Maria Christopoulou
Bin Han
Mohammad Asif Habibi
Hanna Bogucka
Pawel Kryszkiewicz
Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6G
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
Open radio access network
security
privacy
trust
6G
title Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6G
title_full Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6G
title_fullStr Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6G
title_full_unstemmed Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6G
title_short Security, Privacy, and Trust for Open Radio Access Networks in 6G
title_sort security privacy and trust for open radio access networks in 6g
topic Open radio access network
security
privacy
trust
6G
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10807044/
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