Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues
Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, diabetes, and mental health disorders pose a significant global health challenge, accounting for the majority of fatalities and disability-adjusted life years worldwide. These diseases a...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Human Genomics |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-025-00718-9 |
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| author | Robel Alemu Nigussie T. Sharew Yodit Y. Arsano Muktar Ahmed Fasil Tekola-Ayele Tesfaye B. Mersha Azmeraw T. Amare |
| author_facet | Robel Alemu Nigussie T. Sharew Yodit Y. Arsano Muktar Ahmed Fasil Tekola-Ayele Tesfaye B. Mersha Azmeraw T. Amare |
| author_sort | Robel Alemu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, diabetes, and mental health disorders pose a significant global health challenge, accounting for the majority of fatalities and disability-adjusted life years worldwide. These diseases arise from the complex interactions between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors, necessitating a thorough understanding of these dynamics to identify effective diagnostic strategies and interventions. Although recent advances in multi-omics technologies have greatly enhanced our ability to explore these interactions, several challenges remain. These challenges include the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of multi-omic datasets, limitations in analytical approaches, and severe underrepresentation of non-European genetic ancestries in most omics datasets, which restricts the generalizability of findings and exacerbates health disparities. This scoping review evaluates the global landscape of multi-omics data related to NCDs from 2000 to 2024, focusing on recent advancements in multi-omics data integration, translational applications, and equity considerations. We highlight the need for standardized protocols, harmonized data-sharing policies, and advanced approaches such as artificial intelligence/machine learning to integrate multi-omics data and study gene-environment interactions. We also explore challenges and opportunities in translating insights from gene-environment (GxE) research into precision medicine strategies. We underscore the potential of global multi-omics research in advancing our understanding of NCDs and enhancing patient outcomes across diverse and underserved populations, emphasizing the need for equity and fairness-centered research and strategic investments to build local capacities in underrepresented populations and regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb41822753714ba1966e92c9ab9e0e88 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1479-7364 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb41822753714ba1966e92c9ab9e0e882025-02-02T12:33:44ZengBMCHuman Genomics1479-73642025-01-0119112710.1186/s40246-025-00718-9Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issuesRobel Alemu0Nigussie T. Sharew1Yodit Y. Arsano2Muktar Ahmed3Fasil Tekola-Ayele4Tesfaye B. Mersha5Azmeraw T. Amare6Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardAdelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of AdelaideAlpert Medical School, Lifespan Health Systems, Brown UniversityAdelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of AdelaideEpidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthDepartment of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineAdelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of AdelaideAbstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, diabetes, and mental health disorders pose a significant global health challenge, accounting for the majority of fatalities and disability-adjusted life years worldwide. These diseases arise from the complex interactions between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors, necessitating a thorough understanding of these dynamics to identify effective diagnostic strategies and interventions. Although recent advances in multi-omics technologies have greatly enhanced our ability to explore these interactions, several challenges remain. These challenges include the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of multi-omic datasets, limitations in analytical approaches, and severe underrepresentation of non-European genetic ancestries in most omics datasets, which restricts the generalizability of findings and exacerbates health disparities. This scoping review evaluates the global landscape of multi-omics data related to NCDs from 2000 to 2024, focusing on recent advancements in multi-omics data integration, translational applications, and equity considerations. We highlight the need for standardized protocols, harmonized data-sharing policies, and advanced approaches such as artificial intelligence/machine learning to integrate multi-omics data and study gene-environment interactions. We also explore challenges and opportunities in translating insights from gene-environment (GxE) research into precision medicine strategies. We underscore the potential of global multi-omics research in advancing our understanding of NCDs and enhancing patient outcomes across diverse and underserved populations, emphasizing the need for equity and fairness-centered research and strategic investments to build local capacities in underrepresented populations and regions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-025-00718-9 |
| spellingShingle | Robel Alemu Nigussie T. Sharew Yodit Y. Arsano Muktar Ahmed Fasil Tekola-Ayele Tesfaye B. Mersha Azmeraw T. Amare Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues Human Genomics |
| title | Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues |
| title_full | Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues |
| title_fullStr | Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues |
| title_short | Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues |
| title_sort | multi omics approaches for understanding gene environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases techniques translation and equity issues |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-025-00718-9 |
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