Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro study

Moringa oleifera (MO) has been explored for anticancer drug development. However, conventional extract formulations face limitations in drug delivery. Nanoparticles offer a promising alternative due to their small size, enhancing drug selectivity, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, this study aimed to...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Vania Syahputri, Theresia Indah Budhy, Hani Plumeriastuti, Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad Noor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_12_25
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850232879165997056
author Vania Syahputri
Theresia Indah Budhy
Hani Plumeriastuti
Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad Noor
author_facet Vania Syahputri
Theresia Indah Budhy
Hani Plumeriastuti
Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad Noor
author_sort Vania Syahputri
collection DOAJ
description Moringa oleifera (MO) has been explored for anticancer drug development. However, conventional extract formulations face limitations in drug delivery. Nanoparticles offer a promising alternative due to their small size, enhancing drug selectivity, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize polyvinyl alcohol-based MO nanoparticles (NpMO) and assess their cytotoxicity and anticancer potential. Moreover, NpMO was synthesized using ultrasonication and characterized by its size, functional groups, and surface morphology. Then, an MTT assay was conducted in Vero and HeLa cells, each divided into a control group and five treatment groups (PV1–5 and PL1–5). The treatment groups received NpMO with various doses: 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL. The results were represented as OD values and percentage of viable cells, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 27. We found that Vero cell viability remained high at 96%, 95%, 93%, 90%, and 82.3% in PV groups, indicating no significant difference between control and PV1–PV4 groups with statistical analysis. Meanwhile, HeLa cell viability decreased to 98%, 92%, 78%, 69%, and 50.2%, with PL5 showing the lowest viability percentage. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between PL5 and the other PL groups. In conclusion, NpMO showed minimal toxicity to Vero cells (>50% viability up to 200 µg/mL) but significantly reduced HeLa cell viability at 50–200 µg/mL, with the strongest effect at 200 µg/mL, indicating a potential anticancer activity.
format Article
id doaj-art-fa7feb4de7c14282879145f957a961ec
institution OA Journals
issn 2231-4040
0976-2094
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research
spelling doaj-art-fa7feb4de7c14282879145f957a961ec2025-08-20T02:03:04ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research2231-40400976-20942025-04-01162808510.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_12_25Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro studyVania SyahputriTheresia Indah BudhyHani PlumeriastutiTengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad NoorMoringa oleifera (MO) has been explored for anticancer drug development. However, conventional extract formulations face limitations in drug delivery. Nanoparticles offer a promising alternative due to their small size, enhancing drug selectivity, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize polyvinyl alcohol-based MO nanoparticles (NpMO) and assess their cytotoxicity and anticancer potential. Moreover, NpMO was synthesized using ultrasonication and characterized by its size, functional groups, and surface morphology. Then, an MTT assay was conducted in Vero and HeLa cells, each divided into a control group and five treatment groups (PV1–5 and PL1–5). The treatment groups received NpMO with various doses: 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL. The results were represented as OD values and percentage of viable cells, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 27. We found that Vero cell viability remained high at 96%, 95%, 93%, 90%, and 82.3% in PV groups, indicating no significant difference between control and PV1–PV4 groups with statistical analysis. Meanwhile, HeLa cell viability decreased to 98%, 92%, 78%, 69%, and 50.2%, with PL5 showing the lowest viability percentage. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between PL5 and the other PL groups. In conclusion, NpMO showed minimal toxicity to Vero cells (>50% viability up to 200 µg/mL) but significantly reduced HeLa cell viability at 50–200 µg/mL, with the strongest effect at 200 µg/mL, indicating a potential anticancer activity.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_12_25hela cellsmedicinemoringa oleiferamtt assaynanoparticlesvero cells
spellingShingle Vania Syahputri
Theresia Indah Budhy
Hani Plumeriastuti
Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad Noor
Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro study
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research
hela cells
medicine
moringa oleifera
mtt assay
nanoparticles
vero cells
title Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro study
title_full Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro study
title_fullStr Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro study
title_full_unstemmed Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro study
title_short Cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol-based Moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death: In vitro study
title_sort cytotoxicity test and the potency of polyvinyl alcohol based moringa oleifera nanoparticles on cancer cell death in vitro study
topic hela cells
medicine
moringa oleifera
mtt assay
nanoparticles
vero cells
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_12_25
work_keys_str_mv AT vaniasyahputri cytotoxicitytestandthepotencyofpolyvinylalcoholbasedmoringaoleiferananoparticlesoncancercelldeathinvitrostudy
AT theresiaindahbudhy cytotoxicitytestandthepotencyofpolyvinylalcoholbasedmoringaoleiferananoparticlesoncancercelldeathinvitrostudy
AT haniplumeriastuti cytotoxicitytestandthepotencyofpolyvinylalcoholbasedmoringaoleiferananoparticlesoncancercelldeathinvitrostudy
AT tengkunatashaeleenabintitengkuahmadnoor cytotoxicitytestandthepotencyofpolyvinylalcoholbasedmoringaoleiferananoparticlesoncancercelldeathinvitrostudy