Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.

C-reactive protein (CRP), was recently reported to be closely associated with poor renal function in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), but whether CRP is pathogenic or a mere biomarker in AKI remains largely unclear. Impaired autophagy is known to exacerbate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury...

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Main Authors: Ao Bian, Mingjun Shi, Brianna Flores, Nancy Gillings, Peng Li, Shirley Xiao Yan, Beth Levine, Changying Xing, Ming Chang Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2017-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181848&type=printable
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author Ao Bian
Mingjun Shi
Brianna Flores
Nancy Gillings
Peng Li
Shirley Xiao Yan
Beth Levine
Changying Xing
Ming Chang Hu
author_facet Ao Bian
Mingjun Shi
Brianna Flores
Nancy Gillings
Peng Li
Shirley Xiao Yan
Beth Levine
Changying Xing
Ming Chang Hu
author_sort Ao Bian
collection DOAJ
description C-reactive protein (CRP), was recently reported to be closely associated with poor renal function in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), but whether CRP is pathogenic or a mere biomarker in AKI remains largely unclear. Impaired autophagy is known to exacerbate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We examined whether the pathogenic role of CRP in AKI is associated with reduction of autophagy. We mated transgenic rabbit CRP over-expressing mice (Tg-CRP) with two autophagy reporter mouse lines, Tg-GFP-LC3 mice (LC3) and Tg-RFP-GFP-LC3 mice (RG-LC3) respectively to generate Tg-CRP-GFP-LC3 mice (PLC3) and Tg-CRP-RFP-GFP-LC3 mice (PRG-LC3). AKI was induced by IRI. Compared with LC3 mice, PLC3 mice developed more severe kidney damage after IRI. Renal tubules were isolated from LC3 mice at baseline for primary culture. OKP cells were transiently transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid. CRP addition exacerbated lactate dehydrogenase release from both cell types. Immunoblots showed lower LC-3 II/I ratios and higher levels of p62, markers of reduced autophagy flux, in the kidneys of PLC3 mice compared to LC3 mice after IRI, and in primary cultured renal tubules and OKP cells treated with CRP and H2O2 compared to H2O2 alone. Immunohistochemistry showed much fewer LC-3 punctae, and electron microscopy showed fewer autophagosomes in kidneys of PLC3 mice compared to LC3 mice after IRI. Similarly, CRP addition reduced GFP-LC3 punctae induced by H2O2 in primary cultured proximal tubules and in GFP-LC3 plasmid transfected OKP cells. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, rescued impaired autophagy and reduced renal injury in vivo. In summary, it was suggested that CRP be more than mere biomarker in AKI, and render the kidney more susceptible to ischemic/oxidative injury, which is associated with down-regulating autophagy flux.
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spelling doaj-art-fa6df8e74c2a4d80ab8d3438e9bf71a32025-08-20T03:04:59ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01129e018184810.1371/journal.pone.0181848Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.Ao BianMingjun ShiBrianna FloresNancy GillingsPeng LiShirley Xiao YanBeth LevineChangying XingMing Chang HuC-reactive protein (CRP), was recently reported to be closely associated with poor renal function in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), but whether CRP is pathogenic or a mere biomarker in AKI remains largely unclear. Impaired autophagy is known to exacerbate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We examined whether the pathogenic role of CRP in AKI is associated with reduction of autophagy. We mated transgenic rabbit CRP over-expressing mice (Tg-CRP) with two autophagy reporter mouse lines, Tg-GFP-LC3 mice (LC3) and Tg-RFP-GFP-LC3 mice (RG-LC3) respectively to generate Tg-CRP-GFP-LC3 mice (PLC3) and Tg-CRP-RFP-GFP-LC3 mice (PRG-LC3). AKI was induced by IRI. Compared with LC3 mice, PLC3 mice developed more severe kidney damage after IRI. Renal tubules were isolated from LC3 mice at baseline for primary culture. OKP cells were transiently transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid. CRP addition exacerbated lactate dehydrogenase release from both cell types. Immunoblots showed lower LC-3 II/I ratios and higher levels of p62, markers of reduced autophagy flux, in the kidneys of PLC3 mice compared to LC3 mice after IRI, and in primary cultured renal tubules and OKP cells treated with CRP and H2O2 compared to H2O2 alone. Immunohistochemistry showed much fewer LC-3 punctae, and electron microscopy showed fewer autophagosomes in kidneys of PLC3 mice compared to LC3 mice after IRI. Similarly, CRP addition reduced GFP-LC3 punctae induced by H2O2 in primary cultured proximal tubules and in GFP-LC3 plasmid transfected OKP cells. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, rescued impaired autophagy and reduced renal injury in vivo. In summary, it was suggested that CRP be more than mere biomarker in AKI, and render the kidney more susceptible to ischemic/oxidative injury, which is associated with down-regulating autophagy flux.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181848&type=printable
spellingShingle Ao Bian
Mingjun Shi
Brianna Flores
Nancy Gillings
Peng Li
Shirley Xiao Yan
Beth Levine
Changying Xing
Ming Chang Hu
Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.
PLoS ONE
title Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.
title_full Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.
title_fullStr Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.
title_full_unstemmed Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.
title_short Downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing C-reactive protein mice.
title_sort downregulation of autophagy is associated with severe ischemia reperfusion induced acute kidney injury in overexpressing c reactive protein mice
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181848&type=printable
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