Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency
Abstract In this paper, a comprehensive energy management framework for microgrids that incorporates price-based demand response programs (DRPs) and leverages an advanced optimization method—Greedy Rat Swarm Optimizer (GRSO) is proposed. The primary objective is to minimize the generation cost and e...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86232-3 |
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| author | Arvind R. Singh Bishwajit Dey Mohit Bajaj Sahil Kadiwala Rangu Seshu Kumar Soham Dutta Ievgen Zaitsev |
| author_facet | Arvind R. Singh Bishwajit Dey Mohit Bajaj Sahil Kadiwala Rangu Seshu Kumar Soham Dutta Ievgen Zaitsev |
| author_sort | Arvind R. Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this paper, a comprehensive energy management framework for microgrids that incorporates price-based demand response programs (DRPs) and leverages an advanced optimization method—Greedy Rat Swarm Optimizer (GRSO) is proposed. The primary objective is to minimize the generation cost and environmental impact of microgrid systems by effectively scheduling distributed energy resources (DERs), including renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar and wind, alongside fossil-fuel-based generators. Four distinct demand response models—exponential, hyperbolic, logarithmic, and critical peak pricing (CPP)—are developed, each reflecting a different price elasticity of demand. These models are integrated with a flexible elasticity matrix to assess the dynamic consumer response to fluctuating electricity prices. The study evaluates four operational scenarios, focusing on grid participation, DER utilization, and the impact of real-time pricing (RTP), time of use (TOU), and critical peak pricing strategies. Quantitative results demonstrate the significant cost-saving potential of integrating DRPs with microgrid operations. In the optimal scenario, the GRSO achieved a minimum generation cost of 882¥ for the base load profile. Further, when critical peak pricing (CPP) was applied, the generation cost was reduced to 746¥, representing a 15.4% reduction. For a scenario where the grid’s participation was limited, the logarithmic-based demand response model decreased the generation cost to 817¥, while full grid interaction led to higher cost reductions. Additionally, our results show a significant reduction in peak load, with load factor improvements of up to 87.7% across the studied demand profiles. Furthermore, limiting the grid’s upstream power capacity to 30 kW resulted in a 7% increase in generation cost across all cases, confirming the importance of grid participation in reducing operational costs. The GRSO algorithm outperformed traditional metaheuristics in terms of both execution time and convergence, making it a viable solution for real-time microgrid optimization. In conclusion, the proposed GRSO-based framework provides an efficient approach for microgrid cost minimization, achieving up to a 15.4% reduction in operational costs and notable environmental benefits by reducing emissions. This study highlights the importance of dynamic demand response strategies and grid participation for sustainable and cost-effective microgrid management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa2f9767341a48d38c6722b17c95e294 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa2f9767341a48d38c6722b17c95e2942025-01-19T12:18:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115112910.1038/s41598-025-86232-3Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiencyArvind R. Singh0Bishwajit Dey1Mohit Bajaj2Sahil Kadiwala3Rangu Seshu Kumar4Soham Dutta5Ievgen Zaitsev6School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanjiang Normal UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Manipal UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)Department of Electrical Engineering, Adani Institute of Infrastructure EngineeringDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University)Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineAbstract In this paper, a comprehensive energy management framework for microgrids that incorporates price-based demand response programs (DRPs) and leverages an advanced optimization method—Greedy Rat Swarm Optimizer (GRSO) is proposed. The primary objective is to minimize the generation cost and environmental impact of microgrid systems by effectively scheduling distributed energy resources (DERs), including renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar and wind, alongside fossil-fuel-based generators. Four distinct demand response models—exponential, hyperbolic, logarithmic, and critical peak pricing (CPP)—are developed, each reflecting a different price elasticity of demand. These models are integrated with a flexible elasticity matrix to assess the dynamic consumer response to fluctuating electricity prices. The study evaluates four operational scenarios, focusing on grid participation, DER utilization, and the impact of real-time pricing (RTP), time of use (TOU), and critical peak pricing strategies. Quantitative results demonstrate the significant cost-saving potential of integrating DRPs with microgrid operations. In the optimal scenario, the GRSO achieved a minimum generation cost of 882¥ for the base load profile. Further, when critical peak pricing (CPP) was applied, the generation cost was reduced to 746¥, representing a 15.4% reduction. For a scenario where the grid’s participation was limited, the logarithmic-based demand response model decreased the generation cost to 817¥, while full grid interaction led to higher cost reductions. Additionally, our results show a significant reduction in peak load, with load factor improvements of up to 87.7% across the studied demand profiles. Furthermore, limiting the grid’s upstream power capacity to 30 kW resulted in a 7% increase in generation cost across all cases, confirming the importance of grid participation in reducing operational costs. The GRSO algorithm outperformed traditional metaheuristics in terms of both execution time and convergence, making it a viable solution for real-time microgrid optimization. In conclusion, the proposed GRSO-based framework provides an efficient approach for microgrid cost minimization, achieving up to a 15.4% reduction in operational costs and notable environmental benefits by reducing emissions. This study highlights the importance of dynamic demand response strategies and grid participation for sustainable and cost-effective microgrid management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86232-3Microgrid optimizationDemand response programsGreedy rat Swarm OptimizerPrice elasticityRenewable energy integrationCost minimization |
| spellingShingle | Arvind R. Singh Bishwajit Dey Mohit Bajaj Sahil Kadiwala Rangu Seshu Kumar Soham Dutta Ievgen Zaitsev Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency Scientific Reports Microgrid optimization Demand response programs Greedy rat Swarm Optimizer Price elasticity Renewable energy integration Cost minimization |
| title | Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency |
| title_full | Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency |
| title_fullStr | Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency |
| title_short | Advanced microgrid optimization using price-elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency |
| title_sort | advanced microgrid optimization using price elastic demand response and greedy rat swarm optimization for economic and environmental efficiency |
| topic | Microgrid optimization Demand response programs Greedy rat Swarm Optimizer Price elasticity Renewable energy integration Cost minimization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86232-3 |
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