Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars

Abstract Aeolian sand transport frequently occurs on Mars despite wind speeds rarely exceeding predicted thresholds for motion. This dissonance is problematic for understanding aeolian processes and the resulting geomorphologic responses in contemporary and ancient atmospheres. To address the appare...

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Main Authors: C. Swann, D. J. Sherman, R. C. Ewing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-02-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084484
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author C. Swann
D. J. Sherman
R. C. Ewing
author_facet C. Swann
D. J. Sherman
R. C. Ewing
author_sort C. Swann
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aeolian sand transport frequently occurs on Mars despite wind speeds rarely exceeding predicted thresholds for motion. This dissonance is problematic for understanding aeolian processes and the resulting geomorphologic responses in contemporary and ancient atmospheres. To address the apparent discrepancy between speeds required to initiate sand motion and transport observed from orbital and in situ observations, we conducted a series of wind tunnel experiments at Martian atmospheric pressures and used buoyancy as the similitude parameter to simulate the force required to initiate particle motion on Mars. Shear velocities were derived from velocity profiles corresponding to the onset of sporadic transport, which can induce downwind cascading motion. Here, we find that threshold shear velocities are slower than previously thought by a factor of 1.6 to 2.5. Measured wind speeds on Mars exceed our observed thresholds, thus offering one mechanism behind the dissonance between observations of transport below previous thresholds of motion.
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publishDate 2020-02-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-fa217a6abb7f4e1d9cf62c0d27e2e4cd2025-08-20T03:49:32ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072020-02-01473n/an/a10.1029/2019GL084484Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on MarsC. Swann0D. J. Sherman1R. C. Ewing2Sediment Dynamics Section, Seafloor Sciences Branch, Marine Geosciences Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center MS USADepartment of Geography University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USADepartment of Geology and Geophysics Texas A&M University College Station TX USAAbstract Aeolian sand transport frequently occurs on Mars despite wind speeds rarely exceeding predicted thresholds for motion. This dissonance is problematic for understanding aeolian processes and the resulting geomorphologic responses in contemporary and ancient atmospheres. To address the apparent discrepancy between speeds required to initiate sand motion and transport observed from orbital and in situ observations, we conducted a series of wind tunnel experiments at Martian atmospheric pressures and used buoyancy as the similitude parameter to simulate the force required to initiate particle motion on Mars. Shear velocities were derived from velocity profiles corresponding to the onset of sporadic transport, which can induce downwind cascading motion. Here, we find that threshold shear velocities are slower than previously thought by a factor of 1.6 to 2.5. Measured wind speeds on Mars exceed our observed thresholds, thus offering one mechanism behind the dissonance between observations of transport below previous thresholds of motion.https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084484threshold of motionaeolian transportmarswind tunnelfluid thresholdcascading transport
spellingShingle C. Swann
D. J. Sherman
R. C. Ewing
Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars
Geophysical Research Letters
threshold of motion
aeolian transport
mars
wind tunnel
fluid threshold
cascading transport
title Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars
title_full Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars
title_fullStr Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars
title_full_unstemmed Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars
title_short Experimentally Derived Thresholds for Windblown Sand on Mars
title_sort experimentally derived thresholds for windblown sand on mars
topic threshold of motion
aeolian transport
mars
wind tunnel
fluid threshold
cascading transport
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084484
work_keys_str_mv AT cswann experimentallyderivedthresholdsforwindblownsandonmars
AT djsherman experimentallyderivedthresholdsforwindblownsandonmars
AT rcewing experimentallyderivedthresholdsforwindblownsandonmars