Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing Frameworks
Inflammatory cascades and mechanisms are ubiquitous during host responses to various types of insult. Biological models and interventional strategies have been devised as an effort to better understand and modulate inflammation-driven injuries. Amongst those the two-hit model stands as a plausible a...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2015-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/697193 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832560427996807168 |
|---|---|
| author | Carlos F. M. Morris Muhammad Tahir Samina Arshid Mariana S. Castro Wagner Fontes |
| author_facet | Carlos F. M. Morris Muhammad Tahir Samina Arshid Mariana S. Castro Wagner Fontes |
| author_sort | Carlos F. M. Morris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammatory cascades and mechanisms are ubiquitous during host responses to various types of insult. Biological models and interventional strategies have been devised as an effort to better understand and modulate inflammation-driven injuries. Amongst those the two-hit model stands as a plausible and intuitive framework that explains some of the most frequent clinical outcomes seen in injuries like trauma and sepsis. This model states that a first hit serves as a priming event upon which sequential insults can build on, culminating on maladaptive inflammatory responses. On a different front, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has risen to light as a readily applicable tool for modulating the inflammatory response to ischemia and reperfusion. The idea is that mild ischemic insults, either remote or local, can cause organs and tissues to be more resilient to further ischemic insults. This seemingly contradictory role that the two models attribute to a first inflammatory hit, as priming in the former and protective in the latter, has set these two theories on opposing corners of the literature. The present review tries to reconcile both models by showing that, rather than debunking each other, each framework offers unique insights in understanding and modulating inflammation-related injuries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f9bd408c83c74f5dacba36db7067d050 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f9bd408c83c74f5dacba36db7067d0502025-02-03T01:27:38ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562015-01-01201510.1155/2015/697193697193Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing FrameworksCarlos F. M. Morris0Muhammad Tahir1Samina Arshid2Mariana S. Castro3Wagner Fontes4Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, BrazilLaboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, BrazilLaboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, BrazilLaboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, BrazilLaboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, BrazilInflammatory cascades and mechanisms are ubiquitous during host responses to various types of insult. Biological models and interventional strategies have been devised as an effort to better understand and modulate inflammation-driven injuries. Amongst those the two-hit model stands as a plausible and intuitive framework that explains some of the most frequent clinical outcomes seen in injuries like trauma and sepsis. This model states that a first hit serves as a priming event upon which sequential insults can build on, culminating on maladaptive inflammatory responses. On a different front, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has risen to light as a readily applicable tool for modulating the inflammatory response to ischemia and reperfusion. The idea is that mild ischemic insults, either remote or local, can cause organs and tissues to be more resilient to further ischemic insults. This seemingly contradictory role that the two models attribute to a first inflammatory hit, as priming in the former and protective in the latter, has set these two theories on opposing corners of the literature. The present review tries to reconcile both models by showing that, rather than debunking each other, each framework offers unique insights in understanding and modulating inflammation-related injuries.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/697193 |
| spellingShingle | Carlos F. M. Morris Muhammad Tahir Samina Arshid Mariana S. Castro Wagner Fontes Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing Frameworks Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing Frameworks |
| title_full | Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing Frameworks |
| title_fullStr | Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing Frameworks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing Frameworks |
| title_short | Reconciling the IPC and Two-Hit Models: Dissecting the Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Seemingly Opposing Frameworks |
| title_sort | reconciling the ipc and two hit models dissecting the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of two seemingly opposing frameworks |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/697193 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carlosfmmorris reconcilingtheipcandtwohitmodelsdissectingtheunderlyingcellularandmolecularmechanismsoftwoseeminglyopposingframeworks AT muhammadtahir reconcilingtheipcandtwohitmodelsdissectingtheunderlyingcellularandmolecularmechanismsoftwoseeminglyopposingframeworks AT saminaarshid reconcilingtheipcandtwohitmodelsdissectingtheunderlyingcellularandmolecularmechanismsoftwoseeminglyopposingframeworks AT marianascastro reconcilingtheipcandtwohitmodelsdissectingtheunderlyingcellularandmolecularmechanismsoftwoseeminglyopposingframeworks AT wagnerfontes reconcilingtheipcandtwohitmodelsdissectingtheunderlyingcellularandmolecularmechanismsoftwoseeminglyopposingframeworks |