A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Background: Inflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, whether they are trait or state biomarkers remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare selected cytokines, miRNAs, and oxidative stress biomarker levels between patients w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241279110 |
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| author | Christopher Rockson Chandrashekaran Girish Harivenkatesh Natarajan Vikas Menon |
| author_facet | Christopher Rockson Chandrashekaran Girish Harivenkatesh Natarajan Vikas Menon |
| author_sort | Christopher Rockson |
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| description | Background: Inflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, whether they are trait or state biomarkers remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare selected cytokines, miRNAs, and oxidative stress biomarker levels between patients with MDD, first-degree relatives (FDRs), and unrelated healthy controls (UHCs). Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited patients with MDD, their FDRs and age, gender, body mass index-matched UHCs. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-10 were evaluated using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. We quantified the gene expressions of plasma miR-16, miR-132, and miR-1202 using Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). We estimated the total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels in the serum by ELISA. We used sequential multiple linear regression analysis to find the association between MDD vs. UHCs (model 1), FDRs vs. UHCs (model 2), and MDD vs. FDRs (model 3) after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI as covariates. Results: The study involved 50 patients with MDD (mean age = 34.7 ± 10.1 years), 31 FDRs (mean age = 32.7 ± 12.2 years), and 50 UHCs (mean age = 34.1 ± 10.3 years). Patients with MDD had higher levels IL-6 (β = 6.04; 95% CI; 1.60 to 10.49; p = 0.008) and downregulated miR-1202 (β = –0.38; 95% CI: –0.70 to –0.06; p = 0.02) compared to FDRs with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The higher levels of serum IL-6 and downregulated plasma miR-1202 expression in patients with MDD compared to FDRs may be a state biomarkers in MDD. However, an adequately powered study can answer these questions with certainty. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f905da94f65143e2ab45ce6e8440c184 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0253-7176 0975-1564 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
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| series | Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-f905da94f65143e2ab45ce6e8440c1842025-02-04T18:03:33ZengSAGE PublishingIndian Journal of Psychological Medicine0253-71760975-15642025-01-014710.1177/02537176241279110A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive DisorderChristopher Rockson0Chandrashekaran Girish1Harivenkatesh Natarajan2Vikas Menon3*The first author made an oral presentation “The cytokine levels and miRNA expression in patients with major depressive disorder” on March 01, 2024, on the JIPMER Research Day 2024. Dept. of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. Dept. of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.Background: Inflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, whether they are trait or state biomarkers remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare selected cytokines, miRNAs, and oxidative stress biomarker levels between patients with MDD, first-degree relatives (FDRs), and unrelated healthy controls (UHCs). Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited patients with MDD, their FDRs and age, gender, body mass index-matched UHCs. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-10 were evaluated using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. We quantified the gene expressions of plasma miR-16, miR-132, and miR-1202 using Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). We estimated the total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels in the serum by ELISA. We used sequential multiple linear regression analysis to find the association between MDD vs. UHCs (model 1), FDRs vs. UHCs (model 2), and MDD vs. FDRs (model 3) after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI as covariates. Results: The study involved 50 patients with MDD (mean age = 34.7 ± 10.1 years), 31 FDRs (mean age = 32.7 ± 12.2 years), and 50 UHCs (mean age = 34.1 ± 10.3 years). Patients with MDD had higher levels IL-6 (β = 6.04; 95% CI; 1.60 to 10.49; p = 0.008) and downregulated miR-1202 (β = –0.38; 95% CI: –0.70 to –0.06; p = 0.02) compared to FDRs with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The higher levels of serum IL-6 and downregulated plasma miR-1202 expression in patients with MDD compared to FDRs may be a state biomarkers in MDD. However, an adequately powered study can answer these questions with certainty.https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241279110 |
| spellingShingle | Christopher Rockson Chandrashekaran Girish Harivenkatesh Natarajan Vikas Menon A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |
| title | A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_full | A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_fullStr | A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_short | A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder |
| title_sort | cross sectional trait versus state biomarker analysis of inflammatory cytokines and mirnas in patients with major depressive disorder |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241279110 |
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